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Can 3D OpenGL game written in Python look good and run fast?
641,770
<p>I am planning to write an simple 3d(isometric view) game in Java using jMonkeyEngine - nothing to fancy, I just want to learn something about OpenGL and writing efficient algorithms (random map generating ones). </p> <p>When I was planning what to do, I started wondering about switching to Python. I know that Pytho...
12
2009-03-13T07:48:58Z
641,863
<p>Perhaps a wee bit off topic but, if your goal is to learn Python, how about creating a game using <a href="http://www.ironpython.com/" rel="nofollow">IronPython</a> and <a href="http://www.xna.com/" rel="nofollow">XNA</a>? XNA is not OpenGL though, yet I find it an extremely simple 2D/3D engine which is fast and sup...
1
2009-03-13T08:54:43Z
[ "python", "opengl" ]
Can 3D OpenGL game written in Python look good and run fast?
641,770
<p>I am planning to write an simple 3d(isometric view) game in Java using jMonkeyEngine - nothing to fancy, I just want to learn something about OpenGL and writing efficient algorithms (random map generating ones). </p> <p>When I was planning what to do, I started wondering about switching to Python. I know that Pytho...
12
2009-03-13T07:48:58Z
641,907
<p>Check out the <a href="http://fretsonfire.sourceforge.net/screenshots/" rel="nofollow">Frets on Fire</a> project -- an open source Guitar Hero alternative. It's written in Python and has decent 3D graphics in OpenGL. I would suggest checking out <a href="http://fretsonfire.sourceforge.net/documentation/source/" rel=...
1
2009-03-13T09:15:55Z
[ "python", "opengl" ]
Can 3D OpenGL game written in Python look good and run fast?
641,770
<p>I am planning to write an simple 3d(isometric view) game in Java using jMonkeyEngine - nothing to fancy, I just want to learn something about OpenGL and writing efficient algorithms (random map generating ones). </p> <p>When I was planning what to do, I started wondering about switching to Python. I know that Pytho...
12
2009-03-13T07:48:58Z
642,096
<p>Yes. Eve Online does it.</p> <p><a href="http://support.eve-online.com/Pages/KB/Article.aspx?id=128">http://support.eve-online.com/Pages/KB/Article.aspx?id=128</a></p>
8
2009-03-13T10:25:30Z
[ "python", "opengl" ]
Can 3D OpenGL game written in Python look good and run fast?
641,770
<p>I am planning to write an simple 3d(isometric view) game in Java using jMonkeyEngine - nothing to fancy, I just want to learn something about OpenGL and writing efficient algorithms (random map generating ones). </p> <p>When I was planning what to do, I started wondering about switching to Python. I know that Pytho...
12
2009-03-13T07:48:58Z
642,375
<p>I would recommend <a href="http://www.pyglet.org/" rel="nofollow">pyglet</a> which is a similar system to pygame, but with full bindings to OpenGL. You can start with simple 2D games to get the hang of the system and work up to 3D later. It is a more modern system than PyGame which is built around SDL which itself i...
2
2009-03-13T12:09:29Z
[ "python", "opengl" ]
Can 3D OpenGL game written in Python look good and run fast?
641,770
<p>I am planning to write an simple 3d(isometric view) game in Java using jMonkeyEngine - nothing to fancy, I just want to learn something about OpenGL and writing efficient algorithms (random map generating ones). </p> <p>When I was planning what to do, I started wondering about switching to Python. I know that Pytho...
12
2009-03-13T07:48:58Z
645,987
<p>There was a Vampires game out a few years ago where most if not all of the code was in Python. Not sure if the 3D routines were in them, but it worked fine.</p>
1
2009-03-14T14:29:57Z
[ "python", "opengl" ]
Can 3D OpenGL game written in Python look good and run fast?
641,770
<p>I am planning to write an simple 3d(isometric view) game in Java using jMonkeyEngine - nothing to fancy, I just want to learn something about OpenGL and writing efficient algorithms (random map generating ones). </p> <p>When I was planning what to do, I started wondering about switching to Python. I know that Pytho...
12
2009-03-13T07:48:58Z
11,417,357
<p>I did a EuroPython talk about my amateur attempts to drive OpenGL from Python: <a href="http://pyvideo.org/video/381/pycon-2011--algorithmic-generation-of-opengl-geom" rel="nofollow">http://pyvideo.org/video/381/pycon-2011--algorithmic-generation-of-opengl-geom</a></p> <p>The latest version of the code I'm talking ...
3
2012-07-10T16:03:30Z
[ "python", "opengl" ]
Highlighting trailing whitespace in Textmate for Python?
641,794
<p>I would like to do something like <a href="http://remysharp.com/2008/03/30/trailing-white-space-in-textmate/">this</a> Textmate tip, so that trailing whitespace are always highlighted in some way when I code something in Python - it makes it easier to correct it immediately and other editors such as Emacs can do it....
11
2009-03-13T08:02:43Z
645,160
<p>I don't know how to highlight the trailing space but you can remove it by going to</p> <p>Bundles -> Text -> Converting/Stripping -> Remove trailing spaces in document</p> <p>Also, because textmate has emacs bindings, you may be able to do it the same way you would do it in emacs.</p>
5
2009-03-14T01:45:21Z
[ "python", "osx", "textmate" ]
Highlighting trailing whitespace in Textmate for Python?
641,794
<p>I would like to do something like <a href="http://remysharp.com/2008/03/30/trailing-white-space-in-textmate/">this</a> Textmate tip, so that trailing whitespace are always highlighted in some way when I code something in Python - it makes it easier to correct it immediately and other editors such as Emacs can do it....
11
2009-03-13T08:02:43Z
670,341
<p>This code works (but not with comment) :</p> <pre><code>{ scopeName = 'source.whitespace'; patterns = ( { name = 'source.invalid.trailing-whitespace'; match = '(\s+)$'; captures = { 1 = { name = 'invalid.trailing-whitespace'; }; }; }, ); } </code></pre> <p>PS: I ...
5
2009-03-22T00:44:01Z
[ "python", "osx", "textmate" ]
Rename files, Python/Jython
641,985
<p>I have a directory full of files, some which have an ampersand in their names. I would like to rename all the files with ampersands and replace each ampersand with a plus (+). I am working with around 10k files. What would be the best method to do this?</p>
5
2009-03-13T09:48:05Z
642,004
<pre><code>import glob, os for filename in glob.glob(os.path.join(yourPath, "*&amp;*")): os.rename(filename, filename.replace('&amp;','+')) </code></pre>
13
2009-03-13T09:58:43Z
[ "python", "file", "jython", "rename" ]
Rename files, Python/Jython
641,985
<p>I have a directory full of files, some which have an ampersand in their names. I would like to rename all the files with ampersands and replace each ampersand with a plus (+). I am working with around 10k files. What would be the best method to do this?</p>
5
2009-03-13T09:48:05Z
642,087
<pre><code>import os directory = '.' for file in os.listdir(directory): if '&amp;' in file : os.rename(file, file.replace('&amp;', '+')) </code></pre> <p>Replace <code>directory</code> with your own path.</p>
2
2009-03-13T10:23:09Z
[ "python", "file", "jython", "rename" ]
Rename files, Python/Jython
641,985
<p>I have a directory full of files, some which have an ampersand in their names. I would like to rename all the files with ampersands and replace each ampersand with a plus (+). I am working with around 10k files. What would be the best method to do this?</p>
5
2009-03-13T09:48:05Z
642,295
<p>If you have subdirectories:</p> <pre><code>import os for dirpath, dirs, files in os.walk(your_path): for filename in files: if '&amp;' in filename: os.rename( os.path.join(dirpath, filename), os.path.join(dirpath, filename.replace('&amp;', '+')) ) ...
7
2009-03-13T11:42:25Z
[ "python", "file", "jython", "rename" ]
Rename files, Python/Jython
641,985
<p>I have a directory full of files, some which have an ampersand in their names. I would like to rename all the files with ampersands and replace each ampersand with a plus (+). I am working with around 10k files. What would be the best method to do this?</p>
5
2009-03-13T09:48:05Z
18,965,017
<p>using <a href="https://github.com/75lb/rename" rel="nofollow">rename</a>:</p> <pre><code>$ rename --find '&amp;' --replace '+' * </code></pre>
0
2013-09-23T17:10:00Z
[ "python", "file", "jython", "rename" ]
How to convert strings into integers in Python?
642,154
<p>I have a tuple of tuples from a MySQL query like this:</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) </code></pre> <p>I'd like to convert all the string elements into integers and put it back nicely to list of lists this time:...
211
2009-03-13T10:53:59Z
642,169
<p><a href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/functions.html#int"><code>int()</code></a> is the Python standard built-in function to convert a string into an integer value. You call it with a string containing a number as the argument, and it returns the number converted to an actual integer:</p> <pre><code>print int(...
322
2009-03-13T10:58:42Z
[ "python", "string", "integer" ]
How to convert strings into integers in Python?
642,154
<p>I have a tuple of tuples from a MySQL query like this:</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) </code></pre> <p>I'd like to convert all the string elements into integers and put it back nicely to list of lists this time:...
211
2009-03-13T10:53:59Z
642,177
<p>You can do this with a list comprehension:</p> <pre><code>T2 = [[int(column) for column in row] for row in T1] </code></pre> <p>The inner list comprehension (<code>[int(column) for column in row]</code>) builds a <code>list</code> of <code>int</code>s from a sequence of <code>int</code>-able objects, like decimal ...
21
2009-03-13T11:02:30Z
[ "python", "string", "integer" ]
How to convert strings into integers in Python?
642,154
<p>I have a tuple of tuples from a MySQL query like this:</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) </code></pre> <p>I'd like to convert all the string elements into integers and put it back nicely to list of lists this time:...
211
2009-03-13T10:53:59Z
642,185
<p>If it's only a tuple of tuples, something like <code>rows=[map(int, row) for row in rows]</code> will do the trick. (There's a list comprehension and a call to map(f, lst), which is equal to [f(a) for a in lst], in there.)</p> <p>Eval is <em>not</em> what you want to do, in case there's something like <code>__impor...
0
2009-03-13T11:04:40Z
[ "python", "string", "integer" ]
How to convert strings into integers in Python?
642,154
<p>I have a tuple of tuples from a MySQL query like this:</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) </code></pre> <p>I'd like to convert all the string elements into integers and put it back nicely to list of lists this time:...
211
2009-03-13T10:53:59Z
642,189
<p>Using list comprehensions:</p> <pre><code>t2 = [map(int, list(l)) for l in t1] </code></pre>
3
2009-03-13T11:06:14Z
[ "python", "string", "integer" ]
How to convert strings into integers in Python?
642,154
<p>I have a tuple of tuples from a MySQL query like this:</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) </code></pre> <p>I'd like to convert all the string elements into integers and put it back nicely to list of lists this time:...
211
2009-03-13T10:53:59Z
642,872
<p>I would agree with everyones answers so far but the problem is is that if you do not have all integers they will crash.</p> <p>If you wanted to exclude non-integers then</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) new_list =...
7
2009-03-13T14:05:10Z
[ "python", "string", "integer" ]
How to convert strings into integers in Python?
642,154
<p>I have a tuple of tuples from a MySQL query like this:</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) </code></pre> <p>I'd like to convert all the string elements into integers and put it back nicely to list of lists this time:...
211
2009-03-13T10:53:59Z
855,419
<p>I would rather prefer using only comprehension lists:</p> <pre><code>[[int(y) for y in x] for x in T1] </code></pre>
12
2009-05-12T23:33:41Z
[ "python", "string", "integer" ]
How to convert strings into integers in Python?
642,154
<p>I have a tuple of tuples from a MySQL query like this:</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) </code></pre> <p>I'd like to convert all the string elements into integers and put it back nicely to list of lists this time:...
211
2009-03-13T10:53:59Z
5,426,537
<pre><code>T3=[] for i in range(0,len(T1)): T3.append([]) for j in range(0,len(T1[i])): b=int(T1[i][j]) T3[i].append(b) print T3 </code></pre>
9
2011-03-24T22:53:40Z
[ "python", "string", "integer" ]
How to convert strings into integers in Python?
642,154
<p>I have a tuple of tuples from a MySQL query like this:</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) </code></pre> <p>I'd like to convert all the string elements into integers and put it back nicely to list of lists this time:...
211
2009-03-13T10:53:59Z
21,344,009
<p>Instead of putting int(), put float() which will let you use decimals along with integers</p>
6
2014-01-24T22:56:32Z
[ "python", "string", "integer" ]
How to convert strings into integers in Python?
642,154
<p>I have a tuple of tuples from a MySQL query like this:</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) </code></pre> <p>I'd like to convert all the string elements into integers and put it back nicely to list of lists this time:...
211
2009-03-13T10:53:59Z
30,549,317
<p>Try this.</p> <pre><code>x = "1" </code></pre> <p>x is a string because it has quotes around it, but it has a number in it.</p> <pre><code>x = int(x) </code></pre> <p>Since x has the number 1 in it, I can turn it in to a integer.</p> <p>To see if a string is a number, you can do this.</p> <pre><code>def is_num...
4
2015-05-30T17:38:14Z
[ "python", "string", "integer" ]
How to convert strings into integers in Python?
642,154
<p>I have a tuple of tuples from a MySQL query like this:</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) </code></pre> <p>I'd like to convert all the string elements into integers and put it back nicely to list of lists this time:...
211
2009-03-13T10:53:59Z
31,148,598
<p>Wont work for everything but....</p> <pre><code>T2 = eval(str(T1).replace("'","").replace("(","[").replace(")","]")) </code></pre> <p>in your case it would fail because numbers with leading 0's will be read as octal or break. But if your numeric notations doesn't have that it works well.</p>
-2
2015-06-30T21:12:17Z
[ "python", "string", "integer" ]
How to convert strings into integers in Python?
642,154
<p>I have a tuple of tuples from a MySQL query like this:</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) </code></pre> <p>I'd like to convert all the string elements into integers and put it back nicely to list of lists this time:...
211
2009-03-13T10:53:59Z
37,489,104
<p>In Python 3.5.1 things like these work:</p> <pre><code>c = input('Enter number:') print (int(float(c))) print (round(float(c))) </code></pre> <p>and</p> <pre><code>Enter number: 4.7 4 5 </code></pre> <p>George.</p>
0
2016-05-27T17:17:22Z
[ "python", "string", "integer" ]
How to convert strings into integers in Python?
642,154
<p>I have a tuple of tuples from a MySQL query like this:</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) </code></pre> <p>I'd like to convert all the string elements into integers and put it back nicely to list of lists this time:...
211
2009-03-13T10:53:59Z
37,956,572
<pre><code>for str in T2 : return num(str) </code></pre> <p>maybe that;ll work</p>
-3
2016-06-22T00:11:06Z
[ "python", "string", "integer" ]
How to convert strings into integers in Python?
642,154
<p>I have a tuple of tuples from a MySQL query like this:</p> <pre><code>T1 = (('13', '17', '18', '21', '32'), ('07', '11', '13', '14', '28'), ('01', '05', '06', '08', '15', '16')) </code></pre> <p>I'd like to convert all the string elements into integers and put it back nicely to list of lists this time:...
211
2009-03-13T10:53:59Z
38,778,859
<p>Yet another functional solution for Python 2:</p> <pre><code>from functools import partial map(partial(map, int), T1) </code></pre> <p>Python 3 will be a little bit messy though:</p> <pre><code>list(map(list, map(partial(map, int), T1))) </code></pre>
0
2016-08-04T23:22:12Z
[ "python", "string", "integer" ]
How do I format positional argument help using Python's optparse?
642,648
<p>As mentioned in <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/optparse.html?highlight=indentedhelpformatter#creating-the-parser">the docs</a> the <code>optparse.OptionParser</code> uses an <code>IndentedHelpFormatter</code> to output the formatted option help, for which which I found some <a href="http://corebio.googlecod...
22
2009-03-13T13:16:56Z
642,717
<p>Most help text for positional arguments resembles the format frequently used in man pages for *NIX boxes. Take a look at <a href="http://www.linuxmanpages.com/man1/cp.1.php" rel="nofollow">how the 'cp' command is documented</a>. Your help text should resemble that. </p> <p>Otherwise as long as you fill out the "hel...
0
2009-03-13T13:32:27Z
[ "python", "command-line", "formatting", "command-line-arguments", "optparse" ]
How do I format positional argument help using Python's optparse?
642,648
<p>As mentioned in <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/optparse.html?highlight=indentedhelpformatter#creating-the-parser">the docs</a> the <code>optparse.OptionParser</code> uses an <code>IndentedHelpFormatter</code> to output the formatted option help, for which which I found some <a href="http://corebio.googlecod...
22
2009-03-13T13:16:56Z
642,782
<p>I'd be interested in a clean solution to this; I wasn't able to come up with one. The OptionParser really focuses entirely on the options; it doesn't give you anything to work with position args, as far as I've been able to find.</p> <p>What I did was to generate a list of little documentation blocks for each of m...
1
2009-03-13T13:46:09Z
[ "python", "command-line", "formatting", "command-line-arguments", "optparse" ]
How do I format positional argument help using Python's optparse?
642,648
<p>As mentioned in <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/optparse.html?highlight=indentedhelpformatter#creating-the-parser">the docs</a> the <code>optparse.OptionParser</code> uses an <code>IndentedHelpFormatter</code> to output the formatted option help, for which which I found some <a href="http://corebio.googlecod...
22
2009-03-13T13:16:56Z
643,797
<p>Try taking a look at <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/argparse.html" rel="nofollow">argparse</a>. Documentation says it supports position arguments and nicer looking help messages.</p>
8
2009-03-13T17:34:22Z
[ "python", "command-line", "formatting", "command-line-arguments", "optparse" ]
How do I format positional argument help using Python's optparse?
642,648
<p>As mentioned in <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/optparse.html?highlight=indentedhelpformatter#creating-the-parser">the docs</a> the <code>optparse.OptionParser</code> uses an <code>IndentedHelpFormatter</code> to output the formatted option help, for which which I found some <a href="http://corebio.googlecod...
22
2009-03-13T13:16:56Z
664,614
<p>The best bet would be to write a patch to the optparse module. In the meantime, you can accomplish this with a slightly modified OptionParser class. This isn't perfect, but it'll get what you want done.</p> <pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env python from optparse import OptionParser, Option, IndentedHelpFormatter class Po...
19
2009-03-20T00:57:55Z
[ "python", "command-line", "formatting", "command-line-arguments", "optparse" ]
Is it possible to replace a function/method decorator at runtime? [ python ]
642,762
<p>If I have a function :</p> <pre><code> @aDecorator def myfunc1(): # do something here if __name__ = "__main__": # this will call the function and will use the decorator @aDecorator myfunc1() # now I want the @aDecorator to be replaced with the decorator @otherDecorator # so that when this code executes,...
13
2009-03-13T13:42:33Z
642,771
<p>If the decorator is a function, just replace it.</p> <pre><code>aDecorator = otherDecorator </code></pre>
-1
2009-03-13T13:43:58Z
[ "python", "runtime", "language-features", "decorator" ]
Is it possible to replace a function/method decorator at runtime? [ python ]
642,762
<p>If I have a function :</p> <pre><code> @aDecorator def myfunc1(): # do something here if __name__ = "__main__": # this will call the function and will use the decorator @aDecorator myfunc1() # now I want the @aDecorator to be replaced with the decorator @otherDecorator # so that when this code executes,...
13
2009-03-13T13:42:33Z
642,821
<p>If you want to explicitely change the decorator, you might as well choose a more explicit approach instead of creating a decorated function:</p> <pre><code>deco1(myfunc1, arg1, arg2) deco2(myfunc1, arg2, arg3) </code></pre> <p>deco1() and deco2() would apply the functionality your decorators provide and call myfun...
0
2009-03-13T13:53:41Z
[ "python", "runtime", "language-features", "decorator" ]
Is it possible to replace a function/method decorator at runtime? [ python ]
642,762
<p>If I have a function :</p> <pre><code> @aDecorator def myfunc1(): # do something here if __name__ = "__main__": # this will call the function and will use the decorator @aDecorator myfunc1() # now I want the @aDecorator to be replaced with the decorator @otherDecorator # so that when this code executes,...
13
2009-03-13T13:42:33Z
642,832
<p>As Miya mentioned, you can replace the decorator with another function any point before the interpreter gets to that function declaration. However, once the decorator is applied to the function, I don't think there is a way to dynamically replace the decorator with a different one. So for example:</p> <pre><code>...
10
2009-03-13T13:55:56Z
[ "python", "runtime", "language-features", "decorator" ]
Is it possible to replace a function/method decorator at runtime? [ python ]
642,762
<p>If I have a function :</p> <pre><code> @aDecorator def myfunc1(): # do something here if __name__ = "__main__": # this will call the function and will use the decorator @aDecorator myfunc1() # now I want the @aDecorator to be replaced with the decorator @otherDecorator # so that when this code executes,...
13
2009-03-13T13:42:33Z
642,842
<p>Here's a terrific <a href="http://code.activestate.com/recipes/528929/" rel="nofollow">recipe to get you started</a>. Basically, the idea is to pass a class instance into the decorator. You can then set attributes on the class instance (make it a Borg if you like) and use that to control the behavior of the decora...
3
2009-03-13T13:59:40Z
[ "python", "runtime", "language-features", "decorator" ]
Is it possible to replace a function/method decorator at runtime? [ python ]
642,762
<p>If I have a function :</p> <pre><code> @aDecorator def myfunc1(): # do something here if __name__ = "__main__": # this will call the function and will use the decorator @aDecorator myfunc1() # now I want the @aDecorator to be replaced with the decorator @otherDecorator # so that when this code executes,...
13
2009-03-13T13:42:33Z
643,089
<p>I don't know if there's a way to "replace" a decorator once it has been applied, but I guess that probably there's not, because the function has already been changed.</p> <p>You might, anyway, apply a decorator at runtime based on some condition:</p> <pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env python class PrintCallInfo: def _...
2
2009-03-13T14:55:06Z
[ "python", "runtime", "language-features", "decorator" ]
Is it possible to replace a function/method decorator at runtime? [ python ]
642,762
<p>If I have a function :</p> <pre><code> @aDecorator def myfunc1(): # do something here if __name__ = "__main__": # this will call the function and will use the decorator @aDecorator myfunc1() # now I want the @aDecorator to be replaced with the decorator @otherDecorator # so that when this code executes,...
13
2009-03-13T13:42:33Z
4,200,091
<p>Sure - you can get the function object and do whatever you want with it:</p> <pre><code># Bypass a decorator import types class decorator_test(object): def __init__(self, f): self.f = f def __call__(self): print "In decorator ... entering: ", self.f.__name__ self.f() prin...
1
2010-11-16T23:26:59Z
[ "python", "runtime", "language-features", "decorator" ]
Python - Intersection of two lists
642,763
<p>I know how to get an intersection of two flat lists:</p> <pre><code>b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] b3 = [val for val in b1 if val in b2] </code></pre> <p>or </p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): return list(set(a) &amp; set(b)) print intersect(b1, b2) </code></pre> <p>But when I have to find inter...
271
2009-03-13T13:42:44Z
642,774
<p>Do you consider <code>[1,2]</code> to intersect with <code>[1, [2]]</code>? That is, is it only the numbers you care about, or the list structure as well?</p> <p>If only the numbers, investigate how to "flatten" the lists, then use the <code>set()</code> method.</p>
2
2009-03-13T13:45:14Z
[ "python", "list", "intersection" ]
Python - Intersection of two lists
642,763
<p>I know how to get an intersection of two flat lists:</p> <pre><code>b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] b3 = [val for val in b1 if val in b2] </code></pre> <p>or </p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): return list(set(a) &amp; set(b)) print intersect(b1, b2) </code></pre> <p>But when I have to find inter...
271
2009-03-13T13:42:44Z
642,790
<p>You should flatten using this code ( taken from <a href="http://kogs-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/~meine/python%5Ftricks" rel="nofollow">http://kogs-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/~meine/python_tricks</a> ), the code is untested, but I'm pretty sure it works:</p> <pre><code> def flatten(x): """flatten(sequence)...
4
2009-03-13T13:47:08Z
[ "python", "list", "intersection" ]
Python - Intersection of two lists
642,763
<p>I know how to get an intersection of two flat lists:</p> <pre><code>b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] b3 = [val for val in b1 if val in b2] </code></pre> <p>or </p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): return list(set(a) &amp; set(b)) print intersect(b1, b2) </code></pre> <p>But when I have to find inter...
271
2009-03-13T13:42:44Z
642,895
<p><strong>If you want:</strong></p> <pre><code>c1 = [1, 6, 7, 10, 13, 28, 32, 41, 58, 63] c2 = [[13, 17, 18, 21, 32], [7, 11, 13, 14, 28], [1, 5, 6, 8, 15, 16]] c3 = [[13, 32], [7, 13, 28], [1,6]] </code></pre> <p><strong>Then here is your solution for Python 2:</strong></p> <pre><code>c3 = [filter(lambda x: x in c...
120
2009-03-13T14:11:13Z
[ "python", "list", "intersection" ]
Python - Intersection of two lists
642,763
<p>I know how to get an intersection of two flat lists:</p> <pre><code>b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] b3 = [val for val in b1 if val in b2] </code></pre> <p>or </p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): return list(set(a) &amp; set(b)) print intersect(b1, b2) </code></pre> <p>But when I have to find inter...
271
2009-03-13T13:42:44Z
642,919
<p>You don't need to define intersection. It's already a first-class part of set.</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] &gt;&gt;&gt; b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] &gt;&gt;&gt; set(b1).intersection(b2) set([4, 5]) </code></pre>
549
2009-03-13T14:16:46Z
[ "python", "list", "intersection" ]
Python - Intersection of two lists
642,763
<p>I know how to get an intersection of two flat lists:</p> <pre><code>b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] b3 = [val for val in b1 if val in b2] </code></pre> <p>or </p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): return list(set(a) &amp; set(b)) print intersect(b1, b2) </code></pre> <p>But when I have to find inter...
271
2009-03-13T13:42:44Z
642,992
<h3>Pure list comprehension version</h3> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; c1 = [1, 6, 7, 10, 13, 28, 32, 41, 58, 63] &gt;&gt;&gt; c2 = [[13, 17, 18, 21, 32], [7, 11, 13, 14, 28], [1, 5, 6, 8, 15, 16]] &gt;&gt;&gt; c1set = frozenset(c1) </code></pre> <p>Flatten variant:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; [n for lst in c2 for n in ls...
21
2009-03-13T14:35:58Z
[ "python", "list", "intersection" ]
Python - Intersection of two lists
642,763
<p>I know how to get an intersection of two flat lists:</p> <pre><code>b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] b3 = [val for val in b1 if val in b2] </code></pre> <p>or </p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): return list(set(a) &amp; set(b)) print intersect(b1, b2) </code></pre> <p>But when I have to find inter...
271
2009-03-13T13:42:44Z
1,404,146
<p>The functional approach:</p> <pre><code>input_list = [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]] result = reduce(set.intersection, map(set, input_list)) </code></pre> <p>and it can be applied to the more general case of 1+ lists</p>
14
2009-09-10T08:50:21Z
[ "python", "list", "intersection" ]
Python - Intersection of two lists
642,763
<p>I know how to get an intersection of two flat lists:</p> <pre><code>b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] b3 = [val for val in b1 if val in b2] </code></pre> <p>or </p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): return list(set(a) &amp; set(b)) print intersect(b1, b2) </code></pre> <p>But when I have to find inter...
271
2009-03-13T13:42:44Z
1,875,493
<p>For people just looking to find the intersection of two lists, the Asker provided two methods:</p> <blockquote> <pre><code>b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] b3 = [val for val in b1 if val in b2] </code></pre> <p>and</p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): return list(set(a) &amp; set(b)) print inter...
39
2009-12-09T17:26:06Z
[ "python", "list", "intersection" ]
Python - Intersection of two lists
642,763
<p>I know how to get an intersection of two flat lists:</p> <pre><code>b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] b3 = [val for val in b1 if val in b2] </code></pre> <p>or </p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): return list(set(a) &amp; set(b)) print intersect(b1, b2) </code></pre> <p>But when I have to find inter...
271
2009-03-13T13:42:44Z
9,376,917
<p>Since <code>intersect</code> was defined, a basic list comprehension is enough:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; c3 = [intersect(c1, i) for i in c2] &gt;&gt;&gt; c3 [[32, 13], [28, 13, 7], [1, 6]] </code></pre> <p>Improvement thanks to S. Lott's remark and TM.'s associated remark:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; c3 = [lis...
3
2012-02-21T11:38:00Z
[ "python", "list", "intersection" ]
Python - Intersection of two lists
642,763
<p>I know how to get an intersection of two flat lists:</p> <pre><code>b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] b3 = [val for val in b1 if val in b2] </code></pre> <p>or </p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): return list(set(a) &amp; set(b)) print intersect(b1, b2) </code></pre> <p>But when I have to find inter...
271
2009-03-13T13:42:44Z
11,278,430
<p>I don't know if I am late in answering your question. After reading your question I came up with a function intersect() that can work on both list and nested list. I used recursion to define this function, it is very intuitive. Hope it is what you are looking for:</p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): result=[] ...
3
2012-06-30T23:23:23Z
[ "python", "list", "intersection" ]
Python - Intersection of two lists
642,763
<p>I know how to get an intersection of two flat lists:</p> <pre><code>b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] b3 = [val for val in b1 if val in b2] </code></pre> <p>or </p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): return list(set(a) &amp; set(b)) print intersect(b1, b2) </code></pre> <p>But when I have to find inter...
271
2009-03-13T13:42:44Z
23,028,000
<p>Given:</p> <blockquote> <p>c1 = [1, 6, 7, 10, 13, 28, 32, 41, 58, 63]</p> <p>c2 = [[13, 17, 18, 21, 32], [7, 11, 13, 14, 28], [1, 5, 6, 8, 15, 16]]</p> </blockquote> <p>I find the following code works well and maybe more concise if using set operation:</p> <blockquote> <p>c3 = [list(set(f)&amp;set(c1)) f...
2
2014-04-12T08:21:15Z
[ "python", "list", "intersection" ]
Python - Intersection of two lists
642,763
<p>I know how to get an intersection of two flat lists:</p> <pre><code>b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] b3 = [val for val in b1 if val in b2] </code></pre> <p>or </p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): return list(set(a) &amp; set(b)) print intersect(b1, b2) </code></pre> <p>But when I have to find inter...
271
2009-03-13T13:42:44Z
27,057,507
<pre><code>c1 = [1, 6, 7, 10, 13, 28, 32, 41, 58, 63] c2 = [[13, 17, 18, 21, 32], [7, 11, 13, 14, 28], [1, 5, 6, 8, 15, 16]] c3 = [list(set(c2[i]).intersection(set(c1))) for i in xrange(len(c2))] c3 -&gt;[[32, 13], [28, 13, 7], [1, 6]] </code></pre>
0
2014-11-21T08:59:50Z
[ "python", "list", "intersection" ]
Python - Intersection of two lists
642,763
<p>I know how to get an intersection of two flat lists:</p> <pre><code>b1 = [1,2,3,4,5,9,11,15] b2 = [4,5,6,7,8] b3 = [val for val in b1 if val in b2] </code></pre> <p>or </p> <pre><code>def intersect(a, b): return list(set(a) &amp; set(b)) print intersect(b1, b2) </code></pre> <p>But when I have to find inter...
271
2009-03-13T13:42:44Z
30,052,495
<p>We can use set methods for this:</p> <pre><code>c1 = [1, 6, 7, 10, 13, 28, 32, 41, 58, 63] c2 = [[13, 17, 18, 21, 32], [7, 11, 13, 14, 28], [1, 5, 6, 8, 15, 16]] result = [] for li in c2: res = set(li) &amp; set(c1) result.append(list(res)) print result </code></pre>
0
2015-05-05T12:05:52Z
[ "python", "list", "intersection" ]
WinXP button-style with wxPython
642,853
<p>I noticed that my programs written with wxPython have Win98 button style. But Boa Constructor (that is written using wxPython too) got pretty buttons.</p> <p>How to make buttons look like current Windows buttons style?</p>
3
2009-03-13T14:01:28Z
642,948
<p>Have you tried running your scripts with pythonw.exe instead of python.exe?</p>
-2
2009-03-13T14:26:00Z
[ "python", "coding-style", "wxpython" ]
WinXP button-style with wxPython
642,853
<p>I noticed that my programs written with wxPython have Win98 button style. But Boa Constructor (that is written using wxPython too) got pretty buttons.</p> <p>How to make buttons look like current Windows buttons style?</p>
3
2009-03-13T14:01:28Z
643,165
<p>Are you packaging the app with py2exe?</p> <p>If so you may need to specify a manifest file to make Python use the WinXP(Vista?) theme/Common Controls:</p> <p><a href="http://wiki.wxpython.org/DistributingYourApplication" rel="nofollow">http://wiki.wxpython.org/DistributingYourApplication</a></p>
3
2009-03-13T15:12:38Z
[ "python", "coding-style", "wxpython" ]
WinXP button-style with wxPython
642,853
<p>I noticed that my programs written with wxPython have Win98 button style. But Boa Constructor (that is written using wxPython too) got pretty buttons.</p> <p>How to make buttons look like current Windows buttons style?</p>
3
2009-03-13T14:01:28Z
643,178
<p>Expanding on <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/642853/winxp-button-style-with-wxpython/643165#643165">John's answer</a>, you may also be able to create manifest files for <code>python.exe</code> and <code>pythonw.exe</code> to see the new styles without first packaging using py2exe.</p>
1
2009-03-13T15:15:26Z
[ "python", "coding-style", "wxpython" ]
WinXP button-style with wxPython
642,853
<p>I noticed that my programs written with wxPython have Win98 button style. But Boa Constructor (that is written using wxPython too) got pretty buttons.</p> <p>How to make buttons look like current Windows buttons style?</p>
3
2009-03-13T14:01:28Z
841,710
<p>The answers so far handle distributing the package as an executable (eg. py2exe), where the answer has already been given.</p> <p>But since (i think) python 2.6 you have the same problem when just starting the <code>.py</code> file from the commandline (Vista and Windows7). Robin Dunn suggested using <code>update_m...
0
2009-05-08T20:44:54Z
[ "python", "coding-style", "wxpython" ]
Python script at Visual C++ 2005 build step not spawning other processes
642,877
<p>I have the following post-build step in a VC++ 2005 project that calls a Python 2.5.1 script:</p> <pre><code>postbuild.py </code></pre> <p>postbuild.py does:</p> <pre><code>import os os.system('cd') # cd is just a test, could be anything </code></pre> <p>The process never starts, and it's the same with any other...
2
2009-03-13T14:06:30Z
642,955
<p>Be aware that the post build event will only run immediately after a completed build. If the project had already been built (and so does not need building again), then the post build step will not run at all.</p> <p>If you're editing the python script and then trying to get it to run by building the project, then ...
0
2009-03-13T14:27:07Z
[ "python", "visual-c++", "post-build-event", "spawn", "spawning" ]
Python script at Visual C++ 2005 build step not spawning other processes
642,877
<p>I have the following post-build step in a VC++ 2005 project that calls a Python 2.5.1 script:</p> <pre><code>postbuild.py </code></pre> <p>postbuild.py does:</p> <pre><code>import os os.system('cd') # cd is just a test, could be anything </code></pre> <p>The process never starts, and it's the same with any other...
2
2009-03-13T14:06:30Z
643,005
<p>Solved. For some reason, using "postbuild.py" as postbuild step inhibits the python script from spawning other processes, where "python.exe postbuild.py" has no problems, and neither "pythonw.exe postbuild.py". I'm not sure why this happens, as all three methods are valid when used from cmd.exe.</p> <p>But I would ...
2
2009-03-13T14:39:37Z
[ "python", "visual-c++", "post-build-event", "spawn", "spawning" ]
regular expression help with converting exp1^exp2 to pow(exp1, exp2)
643,173
<p>I am converting some matlab code to C, currently I have some lines that have powers using the ^, which is rather easy to do with something along the lines <code>\(?(\w*)\)?\^\(?(\w*)\)?</code></p> <p>works fine for converting <code>(glambda)^(galpha)</code>,using the sub routine in python <code>pattern.sub(pow(\g&l...
2
2009-03-13T15:14:07Z
643,200
<p>Nested parenthesis cannot be described by a regexp and require a full parser (able to understand a grammar, which is something more powerful than a regexp). I do not think there is a solution.</p>
0
2009-03-13T15:19:04Z
[ "python", "c", "regex" ]
regular expression help with converting exp1^exp2 to pow(exp1, exp2)
643,173
<p>I am converting some matlab code to C, currently I have some lines that have powers using the ^, which is rather easy to do with something along the lines <code>\(?(\w*)\)?\^\(?(\w*)\)?</code></p> <p>works fine for converting <code>(glambda)^(galpha)</code>,using the sub routine in python <code>pattern.sub(pow(\g&l...
2
2009-03-13T15:14:07Z
643,204
<p>Unfortunately, regular expressions aren't the right tool for handling nested structures. There are some regular expressions engines (such as .NET) which have some support for recursion, but most — including the Python engine — do not, and can only handle as many levels of nesting as you build into the expressio...
2
2009-03-13T15:21:04Z
[ "python", "c", "regex" ]
regular expression help with converting exp1^exp2 to pow(exp1, exp2)
643,173
<p>I am converting some matlab code to C, currently I have some lines that have powers using the ^, which is rather easy to do with something along the lines <code>\(?(\w*)\)?\^\(?(\w*)\)?</code></p> <p>works fine for converting <code>(glambda)^(galpha)</code>,using the sub routine in python <code>pattern.sub(pow(\g&l...
2
2009-03-13T15:14:07Z
643,219
<p>See recent discussion <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/637773/function-parser-with-regex-in-python">function-parser-with-regex-in-python</a> (one of many similar discussions). Then follow the suggestion to <a href="http://pyparsing.wikispaces.com/" rel="nofollow">pyparsing</a>.</p>
0
2009-03-13T15:23:50Z
[ "python", "c", "regex" ]
regular expression help with converting exp1^exp2 to pow(exp1, exp2)
643,173
<p>I am converting some matlab code to C, currently I have some lines that have powers using the ^, which is rather easy to do with something along the lines <code>\(?(\w*)\)?\^\(?(\w*)\)?</code></p> <p>works fine for converting <code>(glambda)^(galpha)</code>,using the sub routine in python <code>pattern.sub(pow(\g&l...
2
2009-03-13T15:14:07Z
643,220
<p>An alternative would be to iterate until all ^ have been exhausted. no?.</p> <p>Ruby code:</p> <pre><code># assuming str contains the string of data with the expressions you wish to convert while str.include?('^') str!.gsub!(/(\w+)\^(\w+)/, 'pow(\1,\2)') end </code></pre>
0
2009-03-13T15:23:58Z
[ "python", "c", "regex" ]
regular expression help with converting exp1^exp2 to pow(exp1, exp2)
643,173
<p>I am converting some matlab code to C, currently I have some lines that have powers using the ^, which is rather easy to do with something along the lines <code>\(?(\w*)\)?\^\(?(\w*)\)?</code></p> <p>works fine for converting <code>(glambda)^(galpha)</code>,using the sub routine in python <code>pattern.sub(pow(\g&l...
2
2009-03-13T15:14:07Z
643,252
<p>I think you can use recursion here.</p> <p>Once you figure out the Left and Right parts, pass each of those to your function again. The base case would be that no ^ operator is found, so you will not need to add the pow() function to your result string.</p> <p>The function will return a string with all the correct...
1
2009-03-13T15:30:57Z
[ "python", "c", "regex" ]
How can I auto-fill a paragraph in Eclipse?
643,422
<p>I would like to auto-fill a paragraph to 80 characters (or some other fixed width) in Eclipse. Is this possible via a keyboard command like in Emacs? Or is there maybe a plugin (I did not find anything on google)?</p> <p>Edit: I am not sure if this is relevant, but I need this for docstrings in Python code (using t...
2
2009-03-13T16:05:51Z
643,439
<p>Highlight the text, then press Ctrl-Shift-F, or open the context menu and select Source / Format.</p>
2
2009-03-13T16:08:40Z
[ "python", "eclipse", "formatting", "wrapping" ]
How can I auto-fill a paragraph in Eclipse?
643,422
<p>I would like to auto-fill a paragraph to 80 characters (or some other fixed width) in Eclipse. Is this possible via a keyboard command like in Emacs? Or is there maybe a plugin (I did not find anything on google)?</p> <p>Edit: I am not sure if this is relevant, but I need this for docstrings in Python code (using t...
2
2009-03-13T16:05:51Z
2,016,824
<p>You can wrap the paragraph in Pydev with Ctrl+2+w (see Pydev keybindings at: <a href="http://pydev.org/manual_adv_keybindings.html">http://pydev.org/manual_adv_keybindings.html</a>)</p>
6
2010-01-06T22:31:20Z
[ "python", "eclipse", "formatting", "wrapping" ]
How can I use numpy.correlate to do autocorrelation?
643,699
<p>I need to do auto-correlation of a set of numbers, which as I understand it is just the correlation of the set with itself. </p> <p>I've tried it using numpy's correlate function, but I don't believe the result, as it almost always gives a vector where the first number is <em>not</em> the largest, as it ought to be...
52
2009-03-13T17:07:53Z
654,405
<p>1) Here is the documentation for <a href="http://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/reference/generated/numpy.correlate.html" rel="nofollow">numpy.correlate</a>. The code inside the file looks like this:</p> <pre><code>mode = _mode_from_name(mode) return multiarray.correlate(a,v,mode) </code></pre> <p><code>multiarray.corr...
-5
2009-03-17T14:04:06Z
[ "python", "math", "numpy", "numerical-methods" ]
How can I use numpy.correlate to do autocorrelation?
643,699
<p>I need to do auto-correlation of a set of numbers, which as I understand it is just the correlation of the set with itself. </p> <p>I've tried it using numpy's correlate function, but I don't believe the result, as it almost always gives a vector where the first number is <em>not</em> the largest, as it ought to be...
52
2009-03-13T17:07:53Z
676,302
<p>To answer your first question, <code>numpy.correlate(a, v, mode)</code> is performing the convolution of <code>a</code> with the reverse of <code>v</code> and giving the results clipped by the specified mode. The <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Convolution.html">definition of convolution</a>, C(t)=∑ <sub>-âˆ...
57
2009-03-24T06:09:02Z
[ "python", "math", "numpy", "numerical-methods" ]
How can I use numpy.correlate to do autocorrelation?
643,699
<p>I need to do auto-correlation of a set of numbers, which as I understand it is just the correlation of the set with itself. </p> <p>I've tried it using numpy's correlate function, but I don't believe the result, as it almost always gives a vector where the first number is <em>not</em> the largest, as it ought to be...
52
2009-03-13T17:07:53Z
7,981,132
<p>Auto-correlation comes in two versions: statistical and convolution. They both do the same, except for a little detail: The former is normalized to be on the interval [-1,1]. Here is an example of how you do the statistical one:</p> <pre><code>def acf(x, length=20): return numpy.array([1]+[numpy.corrcoef(x[:-i]...
10
2011-11-02T13:27:37Z
[ "python", "math", "numpy", "numerical-methods" ]
How can I use numpy.correlate to do autocorrelation?
643,699
<p>I need to do auto-correlation of a set of numbers, which as I understand it is just the correlation of the set with itself. </p> <p>I've tried it using numpy's correlate function, but I don't believe the result, as it almost always gives a vector where the first number is <em>not</em> the largest, as it ought to be...
52
2009-03-13T17:07:53Z
17,090,200
<p>As I just ran into the same problem, I would like to share a few lines of code with you. In fact there are several rather similar posts about autocorrelation in stackoverflow by now. If you define the autocorrelation as <code>a(x, L) = sum(k=0,N-L-1)((xk-xbar)*(x(k+L)-xbar))/sum(k=0,N-1)((xk-xbar)**2)</code> [this i...
7
2013-06-13T14:52:10Z
[ "python", "math", "numpy", "numerical-methods" ]
How can I use numpy.correlate to do autocorrelation?
643,699
<p>I need to do auto-correlation of a set of numbers, which as I understand it is just the correlation of the set with itself. </p> <p>I've tried it using numpy's correlate function, but I don't believe the result, as it almost always gives a vector where the first number is <em>not</em> the largest, as it ought to be...
52
2009-03-13T17:07:53Z
21,863,139
<p>Using the <code>numpy.corrcoef</code> function instead of <code>numpy.correlate</code> to calculate the statistical correlation for a lag of t:</p> <pre><code>def autocorr(x, t=1): numpy.corrcoef(numpy.array([x[0:len(x)-t], x[t:len(x)]])) </code></pre>
10
2014-02-18T19:10:37Z
[ "python", "math", "numpy", "numerical-methods" ]
How can I use numpy.correlate to do autocorrelation?
643,699
<p>I need to do auto-correlation of a set of numbers, which as I understand it is just the correlation of the set with itself. </p> <p>I've tried it using numpy's correlate function, but I don't believe the result, as it almost always gives a vector where the first number is <em>not</em> the largest, as it ought to be...
52
2009-03-13T17:07:53Z
28,268,013
<p>I think the real answer to the OP's question is succinctly contained in this excerpt from the Numpy.correlate documentation:</p> <pre><code>mode : {'valid', 'same', 'full'}, optional Refer to the `convolve` docstring. Note that the default is `valid`, unlike `convolve`, which uses `full`. </code></pre> <p...
0
2015-02-01T21:17:42Z
[ "python", "math", "numpy", "numerical-methods" ]
How can I use numpy.correlate to do autocorrelation?
643,699
<p>I need to do auto-correlation of a set of numbers, which as I understand it is just the correlation of the set with itself. </p> <p>I've tried it using numpy's correlate function, but I don't believe the result, as it almost always gives a vector where the first number is <em>not</em> the largest, as it ought to be...
52
2009-03-13T17:07:53Z
34,408,787
<p>I use talib.CORREL for autocorrelation like this, I suspect you could do the same with other packages:</p> <pre><code>def autocorrelate(x, period): # x is a deep indicator array # period of sample and slices of comparison # oldest data (period of input array) may be nan; remove it x = x[-np.count...
0
2015-12-22T05:06:48Z
[ "python", "math", "numpy", "numerical-methods" ]
Does python's pip support http authentication?
643,756
<p>As the title says, does pip support http authentication, like easy_install does?</p> <p>If not, are there any (better) alternatives to running a private package repository? I see pip can access source repositories (git,svn etc.), but can version requirements be used with this?</p>
3
2009-03-13T17:25:56Z
705,306
<p>pip <a href="http://oss.openplans.org/pip/browser/pip/trunk/pip.py" rel="nofollow">uses</a> urllib2.urlopen() to fetch files. urllib2.urlopen() supports HTTP authentication, but pip doesn't appear to install the HTTPBasicAuthHandler when it builds its opener. Adding such support would be trivial; you could either pa...
3
2009-04-01T12:42:13Z
[ "python", "easy-install", "pip" ]
Does python's pip support http authentication?
643,756
<p>As the title says, does pip support http authentication, like easy_install does?</p> <p>If not, are there any (better) alternatives to running a private package repository? I see pip can access source repositories (git,svn etc.), but can version requirements be used with this?</p>
3
2009-03-13T17:25:56Z
1,250,775
<p>Currently simply pip does not support authentication.</p> <p>But <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/python-virtualenv/msg/7aff34d86c595f84" rel="nofollow">the main author of pip thinks that feature is desirable</a> so probably it will appear in the medium future. There is also <a href="http://projects.openplan...
2
2009-08-09T06:00:47Z
[ "python", "easy-install", "pip" ]
Does python's pip support http authentication?
643,756
<p>As the title says, does pip support http authentication, like easy_install does?</p> <p>If not, are there any (better) alternatives to running a private package repository? I see pip can access source repositories (git,svn etc.), but can version requirements be used with this?</p>
3
2009-03-13T17:25:56Z
1,778,803
<p>FYI, it's currently being worked on in the <a href="http://github.com/brosner/pip/tree/http%5Fauth%5Findex" rel="nofollow" title="http_auth_index"><code>http_auth_index</code></a> branch which will allow the use of basic auth for custom indexes.</p>
2
2009-11-22T14:09:24Z
[ "python", "easy-install", "pip" ]
Does python's pip support http authentication?
643,756
<p>As the title says, does pip support http authentication, like easy_install does?</p> <p>If not, are there any (better) alternatives to running a private package repository? I see pip can access source repositories (git,svn etc.), but can version requirements be used with this?</p>
3
2009-03-13T17:25:56Z
22,031,917
<p>For people still searching for an answer you can use the following syntax:</p> <pre><code>pip install -r https://user:pass@domain.com/path/requirements.txt </code></pre> <p>An also if you require to validate their certificate use:</p> <pre><code>pip install --cert host.pem -r https://user:pass@domain.com/path/req...
3
2014-02-26T04:42:16Z
[ "python", "easy-install", "pip" ]
Python - list transformation
643,823
<p>Does anyone knows what magic I have to use to change x list: </p> <blockquote> <p>x = [1,2,3,4,5,11]</p> </blockquote> <p>into y list?</p> <blockquote> <p>y = ['01','02','03','04','05','11']</p> </blockquote> <p>Thank you all in advance for helping me...</p>
13
2009-03-13T17:41:29Z
643,825
<p>You want to use the built-in <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#map"><code>map</code></a> function:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; x = [1,2,3,4,5] &gt;&gt;&gt; x [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] &gt;&gt;&gt; y = map(str, x) &gt;&gt;&gt; y ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5'] </code></pre> <p><strong>EDIT</strong> You changed...
13
2009-03-13T17:42:44Z
[ "python", "list" ]
Python - list transformation
643,823
<p>Does anyone knows what magic I have to use to change x list: </p> <blockquote> <p>x = [1,2,3,4,5,11]</p> </blockquote> <p>into y list?</p> <blockquote> <p>y = ['01','02','03','04','05','11']</p> </blockquote> <p>Thank you all in advance for helping me...</p>
13
2009-03-13T17:41:29Z
643,830
<p>You can use a list comprehension (Python 2.6+):</p> <pre><code>y = ["{0:0&gt;2}".format(v) for v in x] </code></pre> <p>Or for Python prior to 2.6:</p> <pre><code>y = ["%02d" % v for v in x] </code></pre> <p>Edit: Missed the fact that you wanted zero-padding...</p>
29
2009-03-13T17:45:20Z
[ "python", "list" ]
Python - list transformation
643,823
<p>Does anyone knows what magic I have to use to change x list: </p> <blockquote> <p>x = [1,2,3,4,5,11]</p> </blockquote> <p>into y list?</p> <blockquote> <p>y = ['01','02','03','04','05','11']</p> </blockquote> <p>Thank you all in advance for helping me...</p>
13
2009-03-13T17:41:29Z
643,843
<p>to get the 0's:</p> <pre><code>y = ['%02d' % i for i in x] </code></pre>
0
2009-03-13T17:49:41Z
[ "python", "list" ]
Python - list transformation
643,823
<p>Does anyone knows what magic I have to use to change x list: </p> <blockquote> <p>x = [1,2,3,4,5,11]</p> </blockquote> <p>into y list?</p> <blockquote> <p>y = ['01','02','03','04','05','11']</p> </blockquote> <p>Thank you all in advance for helping me...</p>
13
2009-03-13T17:41:29Z
643,846
<pre><code>y = ['%02d'%v for v in x] </code></pre>
0
2009-03-13T17:51:02Z
[ "python", "list" ]
Python - list transformation
643,823
<p>Does anyone knows what magic I have to use to change x list: </p> <blockquote> <p>x = [1,2,3,4,5,11]</p> </blockquote> <p>into y list?</p> <blockquote> <p>y = ['01','02','03','04','05','11']</p> </blockquote> <p>Thank you all in advance for helping me...</p>
13
2009-03-13T17:41:29Z
643,847
<p>I would use a list comprehension myself, but here is another solution using map for those interested...</p> <pre><code>map(lambda v: "%02d" %v, x) </code></pre>
5
2009-03-13T17:51:19Z
[ "python", "list" ]
Python - list transformation
643,823
<p>Does anyone knows what magic I have to use to change x list: </p> <blockquote> <p>x = [1,2,3,4,5,11]</p> </blockquote> <p>into y list?</p> <blockquote> <p>y = ['01','02','03','04','05','11']</p> </blockquote> <p>Thank you all in advance for helping me...</p>
13
2009-03-13T17:41:29Z
646,037
<p>An alternative to format strings would be to use the string's zfill() method:</p> <pre><code>y = [str(i).zfill(2) for i in x] </code></pre> <p>Another thing: you might be after padding based on the largest item in the list, so instead of just using 2, you could do:</p> <pre><code>pad_length = len(str(max(x))) y =...
0
2009-03-14T15:02:14Z
[ "python", "list" ]
Using "like" in a cursor/query with a parameter in python (django)
643,930
<p>I know this may be something stupid but I decided to ask any way.</p> <p>I've been trying to query something like:</p> <pre><code> cursor.execute("select col1, col2 \ from my_tablem \ where afield like '%%s%' and secondfield = %s ord...
4
2009-03-13T18:14:21Z
644,043
<p>First, why aren't you using the Django ORM for this?</p> <pre><code>MyClass.objects.filter( aField__contains=var1, secondField__exact=var2 ) </code></pre> <p>Second, be sure you're getting the SQL you expect.</p> <pre><code>stmt= "select... afield like '%%%s%%' and secondfield = '%s'..." % ( var1, var2 ) print st...
7
2009-03-13T18:32:31Z
[ "python", "sql", "django", "cursor", "like" ]
Using "like" in a cursor/query with a parameter in python (django)
643,930
<p>I know this may be something stupid but I decided to ask any way.</p> <p>I've been trying to query something like:</p> <pre><code> cursor.execute("select col1, col2 \ from my_tablem \ where afield like '%%s%' and secondfield = %s ord...
4
2009-03-13T18:14:21Z
3,173,197
<p>can hack string '%' into search string?</p> <pre><code>var1 = '%' + var1 + '%' then query normally: cursor.execute("select col1, col2 from my_tablem where afield like %s and secondfield = %s order by 1 desc " , [var1, var2] ) </code>...
5
2010-07-03T23:32:09Z
[ "python", "sql", "django", "cursor", "like" ]
Using "like" in a cursor/query with a parameter in python (django)
643,930
<p>I know this may be something stupid but I decided to ask any way.</p> <p>I've been trying to query something like:</p> <pre><code> cursor.execute("select col1, col2 \ from my_tablem \ where afield like '%%s%' and secondfield = %s ord...
4
2009-03-13T18:14:21Z
4,587,056
<p>I had a similar issue. I was trying to search among concatenated name fields. My query was something like:</p> <pre><code>sql = """SELECT * from auth_user WHERE lower(first_name) || ' ' || lower(last_name) = '%%%s%%'""" User.objects.raw(sql, [q]) </code></pre> <p>The problem was that the %% were breaking my que...
3
2011-01-03T18:15:59Z
[ "python", "sql", "django", "cursor", "like" ]
Using "like" in a cursor/query with a parameter in python (django)
643,930
<p>I know this may be something stupid but I decided to ask any way.</p> <p>I've been trying to query something like:</p> <pre><code> cursor.execute("select col1, col2 \ from my_tablem \ where afield like '%%s%' and secondfield = %s ord...
4
2009-03-13T18:14:21Z
22,409,633
<pre><code>Persona.objects.raw("**SELECT** id,concat_ws(' ',nombre,apellido) **AS** nombre_completo **FROM** persona **GROUP BY** id **HAVING** concat_ws(' ',nombre,apellido) **ILIKE** '%s' " % ('%%' + query + '%%')) </code></pre> <p>(Postgresql 9.1)</p>
0
2014-03-14T15:42:07Z
[ "python", "sql", "django", "cursor", "like" ]
How do I rewrite $x = $hash{blah} || 'default' in Python?
643,950
<p>How do I pull an item out of a Python dictionary without triggering a KeyError? In Perl, I would do:</p> <pre><code>$x = $hash{blah} || 'default' </code></pre> <p>What's the equivalent Python?</p>
3
2009-03-13T18:16:50Z
643,960
<p>Use the <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/stdtypes.html#dict.get" rel="nofollow"><code>get(key, default)</code></a> method:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; dict().get("blah", "default") 'default' </code></pre>
9
2009-03-13T18:19:21Z
[ "python" ]
How do I rewrite $x = $hash{blah} || 'default' in Python?
643,950
<p>How do I pull an item out of a Python dictionary without triggering a KeyError? In Perl, I would do:</p> <pre><code>$x = $hash{blah} || 'default' </code></pre> <p>What's the equivalent Python?</p>
3
2009-03-13T18:16:50Z
643,961
<pre><code>x = hash['blah'] if 'blah' in hash else 'default' </code></pre>
1
2009-03-13T18:19:23Z
[ "python" ]
How do I rewrite $x = $hash{blah} || 'default' in Python?
643,950
<p>How do I pull an item out of a Python dictionary without triggering a KeyError? In Perl, I would do:</p> <pre><code>$x = $hash{blah} || 'default' </code></pre> <p>What's the equivalent Python?</p>
3
2009-03-13T18:16:50Z
643,969
<pre><code>x = hash.has_key('blah') and hash['blah'] or 'default' </code></pre>
0
2009-03-13T18:21:09Z
[ "python" ]
How do I rewrite $x = $hash{blah} || 'default' in Python?
643,950
<p>How do I pull an item out of a Python dictionary without triggering a KeyError? In Perl, I would do:</p> <pre><code>$x = $hash{blah} || 'default' </code></pre> <p>What's the equivalent Python?</p>
3
2009-03-13T18:16:50Z
644,007
<p>If you're going to be doing this a lot, it's better to use <a href="http://docs.python.org/library/collections.html#collections.defaultdict" rel="nofollow">collections.defaultdict</a>:</p> <pre><code>import collections # Define a little "factory" function that just builds the default value when called. def get_def...
7
2009-03-13T18:26:11Z
[ "python" ]
Concurrency implications of EAFP/LBYL
644,052
<p>When writing concurrent/multithreaded code in Python, is it especially important to follow the "Easier to Ask for Forgiveness than Permission" (EAFP) idiom, rather than "Look Before You Leap" (LBYL)? Python's exceptionally dynamic nature means that almost anything (e.g., attribute removal) can happen between lookin...
3
2009-03-13T18:33:59Z
644,407
<p>Your thoughts are correct. Some additional points:</p> <p>If the attribute exists most of the time, try:except: might be much faster than the LBYL idiom.</p> <p>If you don't like the try: except: syntax, you can also write:</p> <pre><code>item = getattr(foo, 'bar', None) if item is None: .... else: .... ...
3
2009-03-13T20:07:45Z
[ "python", "multithreading" ]
How should I conditionally assign based on the existence of a dictionary key?
644,062
<p>I've got some Perl code like this:</p> <pre><code>my $match = $matches{$key} ? "$matches{$key} was a match!" : "There was no match." </code></pre> <p>How is this best rewritten in Python? I'm trying to avoid getting a KeyError.</p>
1
2009-03-13T18:35:33Z
644,072
<p>This.</p> <pre><code>message = "%s was a match"%(matches[key],) if key in matches else "There was no match." </code></pre>
3
2009-03-13T18:40:39Z
[ "python" ]
signal.alarm replacement in Windows [Python]
644,073
<p>I have a function that occasionally hangs.</p> <p>Normally I would set an alarm, but I'm in Windows and it's unavailable.</p> <p>Is there a simple way around this, or should I just create a thread that calls <code>time.sleep()</code>?</p>
11
2009-03-13T18:40:41Z
644,252
<p>You could - as you mentioned - just kick off a new thread that sleeps for that number of seconds.</p> <p>Or you can use one of Windows' multimedia timers (in Python, that'd be in windll.winmm). I believe <code>timeSetEvent</code> is what you're looking for. Incidentally, I found a piece of code that uses it <a href...
2
2009-03-13T19:27:50Z
[ "python", "alarm" ]
signal.alarm replacement in Windows [Python]
644,073
<p>I have a function that occasionally hangs.</p> <p>Normally I would set an alarm, but I'm in Windows and it's unavailable.</p> <p>Is there a simple way around this, or should I just create a thread that calls <code>time.sleep()</code>?</p>
11
2009-03-13T18:40:41Z
699,105
<p>The most robust solution is to use a subprocess, then kill that subprocess. Python2.6 adds .kill() to subprocess.Popen().</p> <p>I don't think your threading approach works as you expect. Deleting your reference to the Thread object won't kill the thread. Instead, you'd need to set an attribute that the thread c...
3
2009-03-30T21:26:04Z
[ "python", "alarm" ]
signal.alarm replacement in Windows [Python]
644,073
<p>I have a function that occasionally hangs.</p> <p>Normally I would set an alarm, but I'm in Windows and it's unavailable.</p> <p>Is there a simple way around this, or should I just create a thread that calls <code>time.sleep()</code>?</p>
11
2009-03-13T18:40:41Z
31,671,095
<p>Here's how the original poster solved his own problem:</p> <p>Ended up going with a thread. Only trick was using <code>os._exit</code> instead of <code>sys.exit</code></p> <pre><code>import os import time import threading class Alarm (threading.Thread): def __init__ (self, timeout): threading.Thread....
1
2015-07-28T08:29:22Z
[ "python", "alarm" ]
help with complex join in Django ORM
644,081
<pre><code>class Domains(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30) description = models.CharField(max_length= 60) user = models.ManyToManyField("Users", blank=True, null=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Groups(models.Model): domain = models.ForeignKey(Domains)...
3
2009-03-13T18:44:08Z
644,244
<p>You should probably use singular names for your model classes. For example, I'd rewrite the models as:</p> <pre><code>class Domain(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30) description = models.CharField(max_length= 60) user = models.ManyToManyField('User', blank=True, null=True) def __...
2
2009-03-13T19:26:45Z
[ "python", "django", "django-models" ]
help with complex join in Django ORM
644,081
<pre><code>class Domains(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=30) description = models.CharField(max_length= 60) user = models.ManyToManyField("Users", blank=True, null=True) def __unicode__(self): return self.name class Groups(models.Model): domain = models.ForeignKey(Domains)...
3
2009-03-13T18:44:08Z
644,275
<p>I second elo80ka's comment about using singular names for your models. To filter the groups by domain and user, try:</p> <pre><code>Groups.objects.filter(domain__user=u) </code></pre> <p>This will perform the appropriate join across the many-to-many. As written, the query will return group objects. If you want the...
4
2009-03-13T19:32:04Z
[ "python", "django", "django-models" ]
How does Python sort a list of tuples?
644,170
<p>Empirically, it seems that Python's default list sorter, when passed a list of tuples, will sort by the first element in each tuple. Is that correct? If not, what's the right way to sort a list of tuples by their first elements?</p>
45
2009-03-13T19:09:17Z
644,183
<p>Yes, this is the default. In fact, this is the basis of the classic "DSU" (Decorate-Sort-Undecorate) idiom in Python. See <a href="http://python.net/~goodger/projects/pycon/2007/idiomatic/handout.html">Code Like a Pythonista</a>.</p>
8
2009-03-13T19:12:54Z
[ "python" ]
How does Python sort a list of tuples?
644,170
<p>Empirically, it seems that Python's default list sorter, when passed a list of tuples, will sort by the first element in each tuple. Is that correct? If not, what's the right way to sort a list of tuples by their first elements?</p>
45
2009-03-13T19:09:17Z
644,189
<p>It automatically sorts a list of tuples by the first elements in the tuples, then by the second elements and so on tuple([1,2,3]) will go before tuple([1,2,4]). If you want to override this behaviour pass a callable as the second argument to the sort method. This callable should return 1, -1, 0.</p>
57
2009-03-13T19:13:49Z
[ "python" ]
How does Python sort a list of tuples?
644,170
<p>Empirically, it seems that Python's default list sorter, when passed a list of tuples, will sort by the first element in each tuple. Is that correct? If not, what's the right way to sort a list of tuples by their first elements?</p>
45
2009-03-13T19:09:17Z
644,190
<p>No, tuples are <a href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/typesseq.html" rel="nofollow">sequence types</a> just like strings. They are sorted the same, by comparing each element in turn:</p> <pre><code>&gt;&gt;&gt; import random &gt;&gt;&gt; sorted([(0,0,0,int(random.getrandbits(4))) for x in xrange(10)]) [(0, 0,...
4
2009-03-13T19:13:52Z
[ "python" ]
How does Python sort a list of tuples?
644,170
<p>Empirically, it seems that Python's default list sorter, when passed a list of tuples, will sort by the first element in each tuple. Is that correct? If not, what's the right way to sort a list of tuples by their first elements?</p>
45
2009-03-13T19:09:17Z
644,193
<p>Try using the internal list sort method and pass a lambda. If your tuples first element is a integer, this should work.</p> <pre><code># l is the list of tuples l.sort(lambda x,y: x-y) </code></pre> <p>You can use any callable for the compare function, not necessarily a lambda. However it needs to return -1 (less ...
0
2009-03-13T19:14:36Z
[ "python" ]
How does Python sort a list of tuples?
644,170
<p>Empirically, it seems that Python's default list sorter, when passed a list of tuples, will sort by the first element in each tuple. Is that correct? If not, what's the right way to sort a list of tuples by their first elements?</p>
45
2009-03-13T19:09:17Z
644,574
<p>Check out "Devin Jeanpierre" answer to this question <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/613183/sort-a-dictionary-in-python-by-the-value">sort-a-dictionary-in-python-by-the-value</a> where he says to use a tuple and shows how to sort by the second value</p>
0
2009-03-13T20:44:55Z
[ "python" ]
How do I re-map python dict keys
644,178
<p>I am working on a program that (among other things) reads a CSV file in (it gets stored as an array of dicts in the form <code>[{col1:data1a,col2:data2a},{col1:data1b,col2:data2b}]</code> ). For each row, as part of other processing, I need to remap those keys to user entered values, which are provided in another di...
11
2009-03-13T19:11:21Z
644,314
<pre><code>name_map = {'oldcol1': 'newcol1', 'oldcol2': 'newcol2', 'oldcol3': 'newcol3'...} for row in rows: # Each row is a dict of the form: {'oldcol1': '...', 'oldcol2': '...'} row = dict((name_map[name], val) for name, val in row.iteritems()) ... </code></pre> <p>Or in Python2.7+ with <a href="http://...
14
2009-03-13T19:43:15Z
[ "python", "dictionary" ]
How do I re-map python dict keys
644,178
<p>I am working on a program that (among other things) reads a CSV file in (it gets stored as an array of dicts in the form <code>[{col1:data1a,col2:data2a},{col1:data1b,col2:data2b}]</code> ). For each row, as part of other processing, I need to remap those keys to user entered values, which are provided in another di...
11
2009-03-13T19:11:21Z
644,442
<pre><code>rows = [{"col1":"data1a","col2":"data2a"},{"col1":"data1b","col2":"data2b"}] name_map = {"col1":"newcol1","col2":"newcol2"} new_rows = [dict(zip(map(lambda x: name_map[x], r.keys()), r.values())) for r in rows] </code></pre> <p>Is this what you are after?</p>
2
2009-03-13T20:12:39Z
[ "python", "dictionary" ]
How do I re-map python dict keys
644,178
<p>I am working on a program that (among other things) reads a CSV file in (it gets stored as an array of dicts in the form <code>[{col1:data1a,col2:data2a},{col1:data1b,col2:data2b}]</code> ). For each row, as part of other processing, I need to remap those keys to user entered values, which are provided in another di...
11
2009-03-13T19:11:21Z
7,869,248
<p>If you are using Python 2.7 or Python 3.x, you can use a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_comprehension#Dict_comprehension" rel="nofollow">dictionary comprehension</a>. This is equivalent elo80ka's answer (which used a list comprehension), but produces slightly more readable code.</p> <pre><code>name_map...
3
2011-10-23T21:12:41Z
[ "python", "dictionary" ]