Every Camera Effect, Every Time, All at Once: 4D Gaussian Ray Tracing for Physics-based Camera Effect Data Generation
Paper • 2509.10759 • Published
Datasets:
Dataset Viewer
The dataset viewer is not available for this split.
Cannot load the dataset split (in streaming mode) to extract the first rows.
Error code: StreamingRowsError
Exception: ValueError
Message: Invalid string class label 4DGRT_data@945c278c639c0c4740e347c86be8324a4677c190
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 147, in get_rows_or_raise
return get_rows(
dataset=dataset,
...<4 lines>...
column_names=column_names,
)
File "/src/libs/libcommon/src/libcommon/utils.py", line 272, in decorator
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 127, in get_rows
rows_plus_one = list(itertools.islice(safe_iter(ds, dataset=dataset), rows_max_number + 1))
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 478, in safe_iter
yield from ds.decode(False) if ds.features else ds
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2818, in __iter__
for key, example in ex_iterable:
^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2368, in __iter__
example = _apply_feature_types_on_example(
example, self.features, token_per_repo_id=self.token_per_repo_id
)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2285, in _apply_feature_types_on_example
encoded_example = features.encode_example(example)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 2162, in encode_example
return encode_nested_example(self, example)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 1446, in encode_nested_example
{k: encode_nested_example(schema[k], obj.get(k), level=level + 1) for k in schema}
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 1469, in encode_nested_example
return schema.encode_example(obj) if obj is not None else None
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 1144, in encode_example
example_data = self.str2int(example_data)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 1081, in str2int
output = [self._strval2int(value) for value in values]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/features/features.py", line 1102, in _strval2int
raise ValueError(f"Invalid string class label {value}")
ValueError: Invalid string class label 4DGRT_data@945c278c639c0c4740e347c86be8324a4677c190Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
4D-GRT Benchmark Data
This repository contains the synthetic benchmark data for the paper Every Camera Effect, Every Time, All at Once: 4D Gaussian Ray Tracing for Physics-based Camera Effect Data Generation (4D-GRT).
4D-GRT is a two-stage pipeline that combines 4D Gaussian Splatting with physically-based ray tracing for camera effect simulation. Given multi-view videos, it first reconstructs dynamic scenes, then applies ray tracing to generate videos with controllable, physically accurate camera effects. This repository provides the eight synthetic dynamic indoor scenes constructed as a benchmark to evaluate generated videos across four camera effects: pinhole, fisheye, depth of field, and rolling shutter.
Dataset Description
Each scene is rendered under 4 camera-effect variants (pinhole, fisheye, dof, rolling_shutter), each with 50 cameras and 50 frames at 512x512 resolution, along with a point cloud (points3d_opencv.ply) and transforms_train.json / transforms_test.json camera pose files. A shared effect_params.csv and self_dataset_manifest.json describe the per-scene effect parameters and manifest.
The 8 scenes are: ball, basketball_1, basketball_2, box, cat, cube, lego, plant.
Citation
@misc{liu20254dgrt,
title={Every Camera Effect, Every Time, All at Once: 4D Gaussian Ray Tracing for Physics-based Camera Effect Data Generation},
author={Yi-Ruei Liu and You-Zhe Xie and Yu-Hsiang Hsu and I-Sheng Fang and Yu-Lun Liu and Jun-Cheng Chen},
year={2025},
eprint={2509.10759},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CV},
url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.10759},
}
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