Datasets:

agentlans
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low-readability-text

text stringlengths 243 9.61k	grade float64 12 21	source stringclasses 6 values
HUWY D7.3. Sustainability and Scalability Plan The HUWY project is piloting a distributed discussion model for eParticipation in which young people?s discussions, on Interhub websites. The HUWY pilot ran in Estonia, Germany, Ireland and the UK between 2009 and early 2011, using a combination of online and offline appro...	14.88	epfml/FineWeb-HQ
Kropotkin by Nadar. \|Born\|\|Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin 9 December 1842 Moscow, Russian Empire \|Died\|\|8 February 1921 Dmitrov, Russian SFSR \|Part of a series on\| Prince Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin (Russian: Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин; 9 December 1842 – 8 February 1921) was a Russian zoologist, evolutionary theorist, ph...	12.06	epfml/FineWeb-HQ
rare disease that can be difficult to differentiate initially from severe benign parathyroid adenoma. PCa oversecrete the amino form of PTH, which is recognized by third-generation but not by second-generation PTH immunoassays. In normal individuals, the third-generation to second-generation PTH ratio should be less th...	13.31	EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0
A Nested Logit Approach to Household Mobility Journal of Regional Science This study analyzes personal and site characteristics in a model of intraMSA and interMSA mobility. Households are assumed to choose a single type of move, intraMSA or interMSA, while simultaneously choosing a central city or suburban destination...	15.06	epfml/FineWeb-HQ
CAIRO - As Egypt writes its new constitution, commentators are keeping a close watch on legislation that will safeguard individual religious and political freedoms -- concerns that are of course crucial to the country's future. But an important if less obvious factor in the future welfare of Egyptians will be the role ...	13.62	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
Workshop with students from Bombay International School The students were first acquainted with the exhibition-‘The Journey is the Destination’. They were briefed about the eight artists who featured in the exhibition, the possible contexts for each work and the various sources of inspiration. The children were given a...	12.94	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
The nine members are directly elected by secret ballot each year at Ridván from among the adult believers in a community. Monument Gardens: Beautifully landscaped gardens at the heart of the Arc on Mount Carmel where befitting monuments have been erected over the graves of the daughter and wife of Bahá'u'lláh, His son ...	12.69	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
Management includes monitoring of electrolyte abnormalities, eliminating triggering toxins, and treatment of associated compartment syndrome, when present. The causes of rhabdomyolysis are many and include alcohol, drugs, infection, toxins, vigorous exercise, severe injury, and acquired or inherited disorders. M62.82 –...	21	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
Skip to content Platinum Rummy Nose Tetra The Platinum colour variation have a much more intense silverish/blue shine to the scales compared to normal rummy nose. The normal rummy nose tetras have their usual whitish/silver body color, but are much less shiny than the platinum ones. The rummy-nose tetra is a school...	12	Zyphra/Zyda-2
Administration Provided by Computer Support Group The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) Computer Support Group (CSG) provides full support for desktop and laptop computers on the ECE network based on the following conditions: - The installation meets the operating system requirements set forth by ECE’...	12.19	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
Image via Wikipedia Warfarin (marketed under brand names like Coumadin, Jantoven, Marevan, and Waran) is a drug that inhibits blood clotting – the formation of insoluble fibrin clots which stops bleeding. The drug is used to prevent/treat thrombosis – the formation of blood clots that can cause life threatening damage ...	12.88	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
internationally. Individual Western Center Projects Rapid Assays for Human and Environmental Exposure Assessment This project is developing rapid, sensitive, and cost effective immunoassays that will provide high quality analytical data for use in exposure assessment, model development, and mechanistic research. Object...	19.12	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
I am here going to share my knowledge about programming in java. Java is basically an Object Oriented Programming Language which can be used to develope either Windows Based Applications, Console Based Applications or Web Based Applications. Java is divided into two parts:- One is Core Java or say basic java or J2SE(Ja...	12.62	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
in China. We have carried out substantive cooperations with dozens of universities and other famous foreign research institutions, such as NASA, ESRI, and have participated in the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP), the significant international scientific cooperation projects in the earth observation area of the...	16.12	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
Licensed in Mississippi, Tennessee, and Arkansas, we install access control systems in Horn Lake, Walls, Southaven, Olive Branch, Hernando, and the greater Memphis area. Call today for a free consultation 1-877-644-6563. Access Control – The control of persons, vehicles and materials through entrances and exits of a ...	12	Zyphra/Zyda-2
IDs. When cosmetic results are important, bursae may be aseptically aspirated followed in a few days by aseptic aspiration and injection of a corticosteroid. This procedure carries a risk of introducing infection. Older encapsulated bursae are more refractory. Surgical treatment (usually curettage and drainage) is reco...	12	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
How Borrowers Can Protect Themselves from Paycheck Protection Program Fraud Prosecutions By Sarah Wirskye, JD, MBA, CPA COVID-19 has had an unprecedented impact on the national economy, prompting government economic stimulus of historic proportions. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act provi...	12.56	Zyphra/Zyda-2
Algorithmic difficulty is the design and placement of game content to correspond to an escalating 'difficulty level' in the game: either by generating content to correspond to a difficulty level, or by assigning a difficulty level to already generated content. This is typically seen in Diablo style RPGs and some roguel...	15.44	epfml/FineWeb-HQ
poet (classical) and poet of acoustic stimuli, musical sound, ear poet (romanticism); as well as predominantly intellectual types of poets (Lessing) and predominantly emotional ones (striker and urgeon, romantics, expressionists, surrealists). Poetry can aim at different emphases and meanings in order to achieve certa...	14.94	Zyphra/Zyda-2
In-Person Early Learning Openings Available New Horizons Academy is still accepting students, Preschool through Second Grade, for both its Wauseon and Toledo, Ohio campuses. New Horizons Academy’s Early Intervention Services include; Speech Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Conductive Education and Behavioral Supports, to...	16.62	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
“Constructivism becomes a critical force only when exercised from a rigid academic standpoint without prescriptive investment in the region- building enterprise itself.” N. Götz, “Spatial Politics & Fuzzy Regionalism,” Baltic Worlds, 9 (2016) 3–4: 56. The Baltic and the Mediterranean Seas are focal areas of regional im...	17	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
Public Health Preparedness This portion of the CHFS website is dedicated to helping you be safe. Here, you will find guidelines for you and your family on how to prepare for disasters and links to valuable sources of information. Since 2001, the Kentucky DPH has received federal funds through the Centers for Disease Co...	13.44	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
private health services, but not with other additional services. Private services sometimes involve considerably higher user charges, but nevertheless they can be accessed easily if the user has the financial assets. Private services tend to be provided in more comfortable settings and they usually guarantee a higher l...	13.75	epfml/FineWeb-HQ
to approve the ingredients in cosmetics, fragrances, and nail polish remover. This means that it doesn’t test them for safety before allowing them in a product. Instead, the agency regulates the ingredients. It does so largely by insisting that all ingredients be plainly listed on product labels. Even so, the FDA can h...	12.62	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
Main Article Content Blow molding is a method of printing hollow workpieces by blowing air into a molded material. From the results of the process, the specification of a product must be met by the manufacturer in fulfilling orders from the customer. The thickness of the bottle wall and the snap dimension is one of the...	12.94	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
for seroreactivity with a set of 57 meningioma-associated antigens. We tested several established statistical learning methods on the resulting reactivity patterns using 10-fold cross validation. The best performance was achieved by Naïve Bayes Classifiers. With this classification method, our framework, called Minimal...	14.56	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
in in wood, leaving the lighter-colored cellulose behind; some of them break down both lignin and cellulose. As a result, the wood changes texture, becoming moist, soft, spongy, or stringy; its color becomes white or yellow. Because white-rot fungi are able to produce enzymes, such as laccase, needed to break down lign...	13	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler. Washington : Government Printing Office, 1904. \|Cession of lands.\| \|Equal right of the Delawares acknowledged.\| \|Manner of paying annuities.\| \|Consent of the Wea tribe required.\| \|Annuities, etc., to be considered full compensation.\| \|Regulations to prevent trespasses.\| \|Relin...	13.12	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines 2.3.1 Simplified von Neumann Automaton Replication Von Neumann’s automata replicative process closely mirrors the biological one. In the original model, instructions exist in two copies. One of the copies is read and acted upon to construct another machine, but without instructi...	12.19	Zyphra/Zyda-2
located in the WEB-INF directory of your Web application.) WebLogic Server converts binary (bytes) data contained in an HTTP request to the correct encoding expected by the servlet. The incoming post data might be encoded in a particular encoding that must be converted to the correct encoding on the server side for use...	12.69	epfml/FineWeb-HQ
us, H.E., Signals for ribosomal frameshifting in the Rous sarcoma virus gag-pol region, Cell 55:447–458, 1988. Return to text. - Tiollais, P., Purcell, D. and Dejean, A., The hepatitis B virus, Nature 317:489–495, 1985. Return to text. - Wilson, W., Malim, M.H., Mellor, J., Kingsman, A.J. and Kingsman, S.M., Expression...	12.38	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
What were the reasons that the Prohibition in the United States was passed as a constitutional amendment, rather than a normal federal law, or a set of state laws? Prohibition required a constitutional amendment, because the Federal government does not have the power to regulate intra-state commerce. The majority of st...	13	epfml/FineWeb-HQ
A new adaptive control scheme is developed for a class of chaotic systems with unknown bounded uncertainties. It is implemented by using variable structure control. The concept of extended systems is used such that continuous control input is obtained to avoid chattering phenomenon as frequently in the conventional var...	12.94	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
Automatic and social effects on accommodation in monolingual and bilingual speech Enzinna, Naomi Ruth This dissertation investigates the automatic and social mechanisms underlying accommodation, and how these mechanisms influence the time-course of accommodation. In particular, I examine whether accommodation occurs fo...	15	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
imdt’s type of investigation. Walter Goldschimdt categorizes his reply to critics as general theoretical issues, relationship to existing literature and research techniques, and practical considerations. In his reply he addresses all of the concerns of his academic critics. In response to acknowledging the existence of...	13.5	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
Micro-credit in refugee situations Summary of published research1 Micro-credit and other types of loan programmes have not been widely attempted within refugee and internally displaced population (IDP) contexts largely due to the fact that repatriation, resettlement or further displacement may prevent repayment of loan...	14.88	epfml/FineWeb-HQ
lenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), methylone, and mephedrone as Schedule I substances, to make their sale and possession illegal. However, the clandestine production of these substances remains ahead of legislative action to avoid prohibition. Since then, additional cannbinoids have been scheduled by the DEA, but it can be ...	13.56	Zyphra/Zyda-2
old cutthroat trout are heavier in the burned streams and they're actually longer too," he said. Sediment cores taken from the lakebed of the Old Man Reservoir and subsequently dated have shown researchers a clear indication that sediment and soot from the Lost Creek fire is being transported throughout the river basi...	12.56	EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0
Cannabis criminalization today worse than 1930s "reefer madness" The criminalization of cannabis creates unnecessary fear around the drug By Miriam Boeri January 30, 2018 11:30AM (UTC) main article image Jeff Sessions (Getty/Brendan Smialowski/Yarygin) This article was originally published on The Conversation. In t...	12.62	Zyphra/Zyda-2
ms: Small branches off the middle cerebral artery are so prone to burst that they are commonly known as "stroke arteries" . Vascular malformations such as arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are another cause of hemorrhagic stroke. AVM is a congenital condition that consists of a tangle of deformed blood vessels and capil...	14	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
and well-being of children and youth The Canadian Paediatric Society gives permission to print single copies of this document from our website. For permission to reprint or reproduce multiple copies, please see our copyright policy. Objective: To assist physicians in providing guidance to parents regarding neonatal cir...	14.19	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
-lowering therapy plays an important role in preventing the recurrence of cardiovascular events in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Transition of recollision trajectories from linear to elliptical polarization. how to use metronidazole gel twice a day In the absence of trauma, weakening of the bone due...	14.56	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
. He argues that the engineering of biological systems remains expensive, unreliable, and ad hoc because scientists do not understand the molecular processes of cells well enough to manipulate them reliably . Writing in Nature in late 2005, Endy suggested three strategies for overcoming these obstacles. The first, stan...	15.5	epfml/FineWeb-HQ
According to a recently published study in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease (JAD), some foods that are often part of the Mediterranean diet benefit both your body and your brain. Researchers studied 447 people between the ages of 55-80. These people were part of a study that was already being conducted called PREDIME...	13.12	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
What does it mean that christ emptied himself in the The Christology Debate: What does it mean that Christ "emptied himself" in the incarnation? Did he lay aside certain attributes of deity in order to become human, or did he retain all attributes of deity while in human flesh? Expected delivery within 24 Hoursrs what ...	14.5	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
The Regionalist art movement reflects a distinct period in U.S. history, including the efforts by artists to define a uniquely American style. This concentration on a specific geography and culture would emanate, in its purest form, from the American Midwest of Thomas Hart Benton, John Steuart Curry, and Grant Wood. Re...	12.25	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
expression of the porB gene, as shown by using a P(porB)-lacZ fusion. We found no cross-species complementation when Skp of E. coli or N. meningitidis was heterologously expressed in skp mutants, indicating that Skp functions in a species-specific manner. Our results demonstrate an important role for Skp but not for Su...	14.31	EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0
Development. 5. Play and Reason -- Piaget, Erikson & Vygotsky Piaget Erikson and Vygotsky all agree that the child uses play for self teaching. The child plays through situations very much like an adult thinks through a situation. Also, fantasy play is a manifestation of symbolic representation - the child represents o...	12.69	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
\|USGCRP Home Research Elements & Cross-cutting Activities Land Use / Land Cover Change USGCRP Fiscal Year 2002 Accomplishments\|\|\| Search\| Land Use / Land Cover Change \| The following are some of the USGCRP's major accomplishments related to Land Use / Land Cover Change during Fiscal Year 2002: National Land Cover Datab...	14.12	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
The Transition Academy offers a variety of tailor made workshops, trainings and learning trajectories for organisations and (local) governments, based on our extensive experience in post-academic education. A tailor made course can enable a group of employees to embark on a collective learning journey, develop their pe...	15.62	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
Euryarchaeota classes (Additional file 1, Figure S2). In these plots, each spot corresponds to a single protein and its coordinates are calculated as a distance of this protein from the boundary in the corresponding CH-plot (Y-coordinate) and an averaged distance of the corresponding CDF curve from the boundary (X-coor...	15.38	Zyphra/Zyda-2
Tudor, Kate Elizabeth* Loughborough University, London, UK (email@example.com) Spray, Christopher Mark Loughborough University, London, UK (firstname.lastname@example.org) Recent years have seen increased government funding into resilience-building programmes in schools. However, practitioners are unable to assess the ...	18.5	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
the purpose of testing a potentially better drug (National Bioethics Commission of Greece, 2005). Can they be expected to sacrifice their own best interests for those of other people in the future? It is also important to ask whether not taking an established effective intervention is likely to result in serious or irr...	14	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
QIF model) when there is no excitatory feedback from the EG cell to the theta band oscillator (see the Appendix). The next nonzero term in (17) is then of order , which represents the error with respect to the time at which the true trajectory of the system reaches . The value of δ does not have to be small, on the con...	13.06	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
who were generally exempt) who reached the final year of secondary school to attend grade 12 at the Sawa military and educational camp in the western section of the country. Students who did not attend this final year did not graduate and could not take examinations that determined eligibility for advanced education. M...	12.44	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
on the political processes and outcomes of market reform. It is also reasonable to assume causal homogeneity among the four countries: Causal factors are likely to have the same type of effect in these similar settings. Statistical analyses of large samples of different cases, by contrast, make this assumption of causa...	15.5	epfml/FineWeb-HQ
for protecting the body tissues from getting damaged under harsh conditions. If the concentration of myoglobin is high within the muscle cells, the organism is able to hold the breath for a much longer period of time. Myoglobin, an iron-containing protein in muscle, receives oxygen from the red blood cells and transpor...	12.62	openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en
Encouraging a holistic approach in the fight against infectious diseases Encouraging a holistic approach in the fight against infectious diseases Wed, 20/03/2019 Infectious diseases, the main causes of human mortality according to the WHO, have always been a particular concern for society. In a context of global c...	15	Zyphra/Zyda-2
About the Monmouth County Vocational School District The Monmouth County Vocational School District prepares students for an evolving workplace and further education through achievement of the New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards at all grade levels in specialized academic, career and technical programs and lif...	15.31	epfml/FineWeb-HQ

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Low Readability Text Dataset

This dataset consists of high-complexity English web text with an estimated readability at or above the U.S. Grade 12 level. The content typically features advanced, highly technical prose or verbose syntactical structures, making it well-suited for researching complex language understanding and automation.

Primary Use Cases

Text Simplification: Training and evaluating models to translate complex text into plain English.
Information Extraction (IE): Benchmarking NLP systems on dense, complex text structures that general human readers find difficult to parse.
Readability Assessment: Training classifiers to recognize specialized, collegiate, or advanced reading levels.

Dataset Creation & Methodology

1. Extraction & Chunking

Text was ingested from major web corpuses and broken into chunks of 1024 GPT-4 tokens, featuring a 10-token overlap between consecutive segments to maintain contextual continuity.
50,000 chunks per source dataset were initially isolated where the GIST-small-readability classifier scored the text at ≥ 12 (equivalent to U.S. high school senior/university freshman level or higher).

2. Quality Filtering

The initial pool was filtered using the agentlans/GIST-all-MiniLM-L6-v2-quality-v3 model. Only chunks with a quality score > 1.0 were retained.
In addition, Markov chain-generated text were filtered out using agentlans/GIST-small-markov-slop-detector.

3. Clustering

Post-filtering, data reduction and organization were performed via Agglomerative Clustering utilizing MongoDB/mdbr-leaf-mt embeddings to group similar semantic contexts.

Data Splits & Source Composition

The current primary split is sample_k100000. The distribution of source rows is outlined below:

Source	Rows
openbmb/Ultra-FineWeb en	28842
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu	25499
epfml/FineWeb-HQ	20403
Zyphra/Zyda-2	19156
EssentialAI/essential-web-v1.0	6092
allenai/dolma3_pool *	8

Low retention due to high prevalence of spam

Dataset Structure

Features

text (String): The 1024-token text block.
grade (Float): The assigned reading grade level (minimum 12.0).
source (String): The originating dataset identifier.

Example Row

{
  "text": "the patents , Galium-Arsenide 935 nm 730 nm?270-275nm? 310-320nm and 760nm (H2O) 230-240nm (N2) 155-160nm (o2) Water vapor-nitrogen absorption at CO(2) laser frequencies. Peterson JC, Thomas ME, Nordstrom RJ, Damon EK, Long RK. \"...a series of pressure-broadened water vapor absorption measurements at 27 CO(2) laser frequencies between 935 cm(-1) and 1082 cm(-1)\" D20 (Deterium heavy water) - shift H2O from 760nm to 1000nm Balmer series or Balmer lines in atomic physics, is the designation of one of a set of six different named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom...",
  "grade": 12.0,
  "source": "Zyphra/Zyda-2"
}

Limitations & Considerations

⚠️ Usage Warnings:

Boundary Fragmentation: Because the dataset relies on rigid token-based windowing (1024 tokens), text blocks may start or end mid-sentence or mid-paragraph.
Domain Generality: The texts represent a broad, general-purpose web crawl. While complex, the text does not strictly represent deep, peer-reviewed domains like academic law or professional medicine.
Web Noise & Accuracy: The corpus stems from unverified internet pages. It contains messy syntax, optical character recognition/scraping artifacts, and may include scientifically or historically inaccurate claims.

Licence

This dataset is made available under the Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-By v1.0).

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