Dataset Preview
The full dataset viewer is not available (click to read why). Only showing a preview of the rows.
The dataset generation failed
Error code: DatasetGenerationError
Exception: TypeError
Message: Couldn't cast array of type string to null
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1827, in _prepare_split_single
for key, table in generator:
^^^^^^^^^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 613, in wrapped
for item in generator(*args, **kwargs):
~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 343, in _generate_tables
self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 132, in _cast_table
pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2378, in table_cast
return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2312, in cast_table_to_schema
cast_array_to_feature(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
table[name] if name in table_column_names else pa.array([None] * len(table), type=schema.field(name).type),
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
feature,
^^^^^^^^
)
^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 1861, in wrapper
return pa.chunked_array([func(chunk, *args, **kwargs) for chunk in array.chunks])
~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2118, in cast_array_to_feature
casted_array_values = _c(array.values, feature.feature)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 1863, in wrapper
return func(array, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2152, in cast_array_to_feature
return array_cast(
array,
...<2 lines>...
allow_decimal_to_str=allow_decimal_to_str,
)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 1863, in wrapper
return func(array, *args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2014, in array_cast
raise TypeError(f"Couldn't cast array of type {_short_str(array.type)} to {_short_str(pa_type)}")
TypeError: Couldn't cast array of type string to null
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1369, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations, partial, estimated_dataset_info = stream_convert_to_parquet(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
builder, max_dataset_size_bytes=max_dataset_size_bytes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
)
^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 948, in stream_convert_to_parquet
builder._prepare_split(split_generator=splits_generators[split], file_format="parquet")
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1694, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
gen_kwargs=gen_kwargs, job_id=job_id, **_prepare_split_args
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
):
^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1880, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationError("An error occurred while generating the dataset") from e
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationError: An error occurred while generating the datasetNeed help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
task string | doc_id string | text string | has_data int64 | labels list |
|---|---|---|---|---|
gate | 19303506 | # 2011).<sup>29</sup>
The second strand of literature focuses more closely on the effects of infrastructure. Baum-Snow’s (2007) pioneering work finds that the construction of the interstate highway system was a major impetus behind the suburbanization of US cities. Duranton and Turner (2012) also find that more kilome... | 0 | [] |
gate | 697826 | 6 enviromnent of slower growth, although in a number of countries the impact was probably negligible, and in some it may have been positive.
Or more recently, Cassen (1994) summarizes the state of the art, Is seems likely that, in a poor country ... a growth rate that doubles the population in 20 or 30 years would han... | 0 | [] |
gate | 34208238 | Finally, we use a reduced version of the human asset index taken from Feindouno and Goujon (2019) (28). Their HAI is a simple composite index from 0 (low score) to 100 (best score) which includes four subcomponents: i) un undernourishment index, ii) the under five years old mortality index, iii) the adult literacy rate... | 1 | [] |
gate | 31006845 | family and about 24 percent reporting obtaining credit from a financial institution or using a credit card. The share of formal borrowing increased slightly (by 2 percentage points between 2014 and 2017), while the share of informal borrowing declined by 3 percentage points, though these changes are not statistically s... | 1 | [] |
gate | 5064650 | The EPSOC allowed us to examine the relationship between the _strata_ categorization of households and income per capita as an alternative welfare measure. Differences between the two could arise for two reasons: first, a less than perfect correlation between income per capita and the strata classification; second, con... | 0 | [] |
gate | 30770302 | identification, the studies use micro panel data, higher frequency (monthly) data, or both. In our sample, the most studies use time series data in monthly frequency (940 estimates).
# [Figure 6 about here]
Typically, papers do not control for any confounding factors and estimate a bivariate relationship between the ... | 1 | [] |
gate | 5642265 | Coto Millán, P., Baños Pino, J. and Rodríguez Álvarez, A. (2000) “Economic Efficiency in Spanish Ports: some Empirical Evidence”, _Maritime Policy and Management_ , 27 (2): 169174.
Cuesta, R.A. and Orea, L. (2002) “Mergers and Technical Efficiency in Spanish Saving Banks: a Stochastic Distance Function Approach”, _Jou... | 0 | [] |
gate | 23884248 | **Table 7. Impacts on Children's Schooling and Labor Force Participation**
||_Sc_<br>|_hool Attenda_<br>|_nce_<br>|_Labor_<br>|_force partici_<br>|_pation_<br>|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||_7 to 15_|_7 to 11_|_12 to 15_|_7 to 15_|_7 to 11_|_12 to 15_|
|**Measure of Shock**|(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|
|||**Panel A: T*... | 0 | [] |
gate | 10642425 | separate question is asked on the number of automobiles that household members have available for their regular use. The final asset questions concern holdings of domestic livestock (pigs, chicken, cattle, goats and horses). We examine the impact of having household members emigrate to New Zealand on the value of durab... | 0 | [] |
gate | 33723413 | # H Computational appendix
This section outlines the procedures we use to compute the Markov-perfect equilibrium steady state used in the quantitative section. We focus on policy functions that depend **differentiably** on current states ( _b_<sup>_n_</sup> , _d_ ). Using Proposition 2 to simplify the problem, we do n... | 0 | [] |
gate | 26836670 | the non‐compliers.<sup>3</sup> Our main survey approach was face‐to‐face interviewing using an extensive survey that asked about employment outcomes, took physical health measurements, asked about preferences, and played incentivized lab‐in‐the‐field games which we describe in detail later in the paper. Each principal ... | 1 | [] |
gate | 18293643 | nonparticipants in the same village in terms of unobserved characteristics such as entrepreneurial ability and risk aversion. The unobserved village and household level heterogeneity can bias the estimated effects of MFI competition on moneylender interest rate, and on household’s demand for informal loans, and it is n... | 1 | [] |
gate | 23129701 | serious problem for our geographically-scattered municipality sample. To test for robustness, we fit the model using two versions of equation (8) (with separate and composite municipality incomes) and three estimation techniques: robust regression, GLS (which incorporates nonuniform error variances across municipalitie... | 1 | [] |
gate | 29969267 | to smooth consumption, then the poverty level during that month would jump from 1.6% to 18% – a major jump, albeit for a very short period of time. While these numbers are illustrative only, they demonstrate how misleading average loss per household can be.
These results are correlations, and cannot support definitive... | 1 | [] |
gate | 6054363 | where census data and survey data with an anthropometric component are available.
Although estimated standard errors in our study are quite high for some communes, the magnitude of the standard errors for the estimated prevalence of stunting and underweight at the commune level is, on average, comparable to that for t... | 1 | [] |
gate | 30334983 | |**Speed**|2|20|3|5|1|1|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|**Connection with other**<br>**platforms (e.g. Treasury,**<br>**Excel, Bloomberg)**|1|10|12|7|1|1|
|**Integration among**<br>**modules**<br>**(front/middle/back**<br>**offices)**|4|15|5|6|1|1|
|**Straight-Through-**<br>**Processing (e.g.**<br>**settlement, repayme... | 0 | [] |
gate | 32680778 | different for that treatment. Given that consulting is twice as expensive as insourcing and outsourcing, and the impacts on firm growth outcomes are similar, it may take twice as long to recoup the value of these services. But overall, all three business services appear to have returns that could pass a cost-benefit te... | 1 | [] |
gate | 19553386 | The volume of ICBT is often estimated to be many multiples of official cross-border trade. For example, World Bank (2013) found that bilateral Cameroon-Nigeria trade of domestically-produced goods was $230 million, compared to officially-recorded flows of $10-$40 million. Including re-exports, ICBT rises to about $1 bi... | 1 | [] |
gate | 10154641 | Policy ReseaRch WoRking PaPeR 4812
# **Abstract**
Based on analysis of reading performance data from 475 third-graders in Peru, this study makes recommendations on improving reading tests, choice of reading standards, and how to present the results at the school and individual levels. The paper reviews the literature... | 1 | [] |
gate | 24402473 | - Alene, Arega D., Victor M. Manyong, Gospel O. Omanya, Hodeba D. Mignouna, Mpoko Bokanga and George D. Odhiambo (2008). Economic efficiency and supply response of women as farm managers: Comparative evidence from Western Kenya. World Development 36(7): 1247–1260.
- Angrist, Joshua D. and Jörn-Steffen Pischke (2009). ... | 1 | [] |
gate | 700164 | 12 heterodox programs. However, as can be seen in Figure 2, the recessionary effects were both small and short-lived.
When the period of exchange rate stabilization extended over a considereble span we observe that the recessionary phase started before the large maxidevaluations set in. This was the case in the Southe... | 0 | [] |
gate | 6292217 | Clearly, this type of feed-back effect would muddle the relationships; to avoid this problem, years during which the crisis is unfolding are typically excluded from the sample.
Another key element of our study was the construction of the banking crisis dummy variable. Beginning from a sample of all the countries in th... | 1 | [] |
gate | 29732031 | Data on morbidity are obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (table 6). Chronic respiratory diseases, ischemic heart disease, and tuberculosis are among the most prevalent diseases among men and women in South Africa. In 2015, approximately 1.3 million cases of tobacco-related disease were reported.
# **Toba... | 1 | [] |
gate | 10985053 | Palacios, R., Robalino, D., 2009. Matching Contributions as Way to Increase Pension Coverage, in: Holzmann, R., Robalino, D., Takayama, O. (Eds.), Closing the Coverage Gap: the Role of Social Pensions and Other Retirement Income Transfers. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Perry, G., Maloney, W., Arias, O., Fajnzylber, P.,... | 1 | [] |
gate | 32724690 | The protection level Define the amount of adaptation capital that would be obtained if the government invests the equivalent of the average hurricane damage into adaptation as A . If a constant share of GDP is invested in adaptation capital and GDP grows at a rate , then in the long run adaptation capital will KK<sup>A... | 0 | [] |
gate | 7537759 | WPS4206
# **Does ‘Good Government’ Draw Foreign Capital? Explaining China’s Exceptional Foreign Direct Investment Inflow**
## **Joseph P.H. Fan**<sup>**a**</sup> **, Randall Morck**<sup>**b**</sup> **, Lixin Colin Xu**<sup>**c**</sup> **, and Bernard Yeung**<sup>**d**</sup>
## **Abstract**
China is now the world’... | 1 | [] |
gate | 442165 | **3.1**
Seeds Technology Transfer: With seed reforms from the early 1980s, the number of improved varieties allowed for sale (with either registration or production permits) increased dramatically over the next several years, as shown in Table 3.1. For sunflower, for example, the number of varieties increased from thr... | 0 | [] |
gate | 34203226 | severe stunting in urban clusters. This observation suggests varying degrees of dependence on watershed conditions between rural and urban clusters, highlighting the crucial role of upstream forests specifically for rural areas.
**Table 6: Impact of upstream forest loss on children health, 2004-2020 (global urban non-... | 0 | [] |
gate | 26868025 | <!-- Start of picture text --> Figure 8: Average deal size across governing laws<br>(dollar-denominated central government bonds )<br>1,800 $ millions<br>1,600 U.K. Law U.S. Law<br>1,400<br>1,200<br>1,000<br>800<br>600<br>400<br>200<br>0<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Authors’ calculations based on Dealogic da... | 1 | [] |
gate | 24080438 | location choices by Indian manufacturing establishments and their associated productivity consequences (e.g., Lall et al. 2004, Lall and Mengistae 2005, Deichmann et al. 2008, Fernandes and Sharma 2011).
Section 2 of this paper describes our establishment-level data. Section 3 provides greater detail on the growth of ... | 1 | [] |
gate | 32482083 | A large fraction of the households are also producers of maize. In 2016/17, for example, about 72 percent of Malawians produced maize, and more than 80 percent of Malawians residing in rural areas grew maize. These shares are as a proportion of all households, not just farm households. Of course, almost all farm househ... | 1 | [] |
gate | 34161369 | Table 1: Randomization Balance Check
|||||Survey sample||||Games sa|mple|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||(1)<br>Control|(2)<br>CHOICES<br>Only|(3)<br>CHOICES+<br>EMB|(4)|(5)<br>t-test diff<br>{Normalized diff}|(6)|(7)<br>Control|(8)<br>CHOICES|(9)<br>t-test diff<br>{Normalized diff}|
||Mean|Mean|Mean|(1)-... | 0 | [] |
gate | 9762126 | WPS4690
# Policy ReseaRch WoRking PaPeR 4690
Domestic Water Pricing with Household Surveys: A Study of Acceptability and Willingness to Pay in Chongqing, China _Hua Wang Jian Xie Honglin Li_ The World Bank Development Research Group Sustainable Rural and Urban Development Team August 2008 | 1 | [] |
gate | 439014 | Mozambique, and Comoros have a similar discrepancy. Despite these differences, of the 27 countries which have data from both sources, all but three show the same sign for the difference between the enrollment of girls and of boys (the exceptions are Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Zimbabwe where the difference is close to z... | 1 | [] |
gate | 17625179 | # _Appendix Table A.7. Summary Statistics_
|||Total|||Unskilled|||Skilled||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||||Change|||Change|||Change|
||2002|2004|<br>2002-2004|2002|2004|<br>2002-2004|2002|2004|<br>2002-2004|
|**Personal Characteristics**||||||||||
|Observations|1746|1746||1065|1065||656|656||
|Female (%... | 1 | [] |
gate | 27707774 | ultimately contributed to policy reversals in some of these systems since the financial crisis.<sup>19</sup> The paper also discusses how regulations could be adapted to incentivize long-term investment horizons by introducing outcomebased benchmarks.<sup>20</sup> Another form of regulation, which can distort pension f... | 1 | [] |
gate | 698103 | 17 accounted for by the relatively high share at' chemicals and energy products in total exports - these products face quotas and special product-specific charges. Eco-labelling requirements are largely responsible for the relatively high share (about 6 percent) of sub-Saharan Africa's non-oil exports that face post-Ur... | 1 | [] |
gate | 698916 | # _16_ **_How_** _Fwat_ **_Mar Chine Irdmrbv Grow?_**
doubled between 1978 and 1987, imply still larger increases in the _mumsinal_ prices paid even by high-priority energy consumers in China's industrial economy, Even where energy prices have not risen steeply, reports suggesting widespread energy rationing point to ... | 1 | [] |
gate | 34059317 | had been serving farmers for 9 months while the oldest had been irrigating for 42 months at the time of the survey (Figure 1). 41 of the 50 systems were less than two years old and only one system was older than three years.
This study therefore presents an early assessment of the functioning and the impact of JCLISs.... | 1 | [] |
gate | 30247843 | vestment debt inflows and outflows also appear to be highly correlated, presumably due to financial arms of large corporates in such countries, while public sector inflows are broadly negatively correlated with other inflows.
EMs do not display correlations as strong as those of AEs at this level of disaggregation, bu... | 1 | [] |
gate | 10363155 | **_Figure 3: Private Returns to Education in Mozambique_**
<!-- Start of picture text --> 250%<br>200%<br>150%<br>100%<br>50%<br>0%<br>EP1 EP2 ES1 ES2 Technical Technical Teacher Higher<br>(Grades 1-5) (Grades 6-7) (Grades 8-10) (Grades 11- Training 1 Training 2 Education Education<br>12)<br><!-- End of picture text -... | 1 | [] |
gate | 15955397 | Table 9: Matching Estimates for SBCs
|Employment <sup>_a_</sup><br>Physical capital <sup>_a_</sup><br> **Subsidiaries and Independent Firms**<br>(3 nearest neighbours)|
|---|
|ATE<br>0.443***<br>0.785***|
|(0.099)<br>(0.128)|
|ATT<br>0.467***<br>1.000***|
|(0.103)<br>(0.108)|
|**Subsidiaries Firms**|
|(3 nearest neigh... | 0 | [] |
gate | 34201505 | This allows evaluation of the first hypothesis for this study (H1), which is that levels of conditional support for subsidy reform will be higher than levels of unconditional support. Multivariate regression analysis is conducted to illustrate the strength of the association between support for reform and respondents’ ... | 0 | [] |
gate | 30647895 | - Woolfolk Hoy, A., & Weinstein, C. (2011). Student and teacher perspectives on classroom management. In Evertson, C, & Weinstein, C. (Eds.), _Handbook of classroom management, research, practice, and contemporary issues_ (pp. 181-219). New York, NY: Routledge.
- World Bank. (2018). _World Development Report 2018: Lea... | 0 | [] |
gate | 12570629 | **Figure 1: Sovereign Foreign Currency Upgrades, Downgrades, and Outlooks, 2004‐Present**
<!-- Start of picture text --> Upgrades (trailing‐12‐month sum) Downgrades (trailing‐12‐month sum)<br>Positive outlooks at month‐end Negative outlooks at month‐end<br>45<br>40<br>35<br>30<br>25<br>20<br>15<br>10<br>5<br>0<br>Jan‐... | 1 | [] |
gate | 33853609 | Gunasekera et al., 2015; Rentschler and Salhab, 2020; Ward et al., 2020). Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a critical economic indicator in the measurement and monitoring of an economy in a country that is typically only available at national and occasionally subnational levels. Regional indicators play a key role in th... | 1 | [] |
gate | 27021998 | _The Global Information and Communications Technology Industry: Where Vietnam Fits in GVCs_ Recognizing that human capital is key to further development in Vietnam’s ICT services industry, FPT started an IT university in 2006 with the aim of training the next generation of IT professionals. The university has 16,000 st... | 1 | [] |
gate | 12566474 | **Table A1 ‐ Correlation matrix of variables**
# **SET OF FAST GROWING COUNTRIES**
||Pub<br>spe<br>|<br>nding<br><br>Fisc<br>|al<br>||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
||GDPPCGR<br>/GD|P<br>bala|nce/GDP Pro/|TEXP|Soc/TEXP|Eco/TEXP|Edu/TEXP|Hea/TEXP|TRA/TEXP|CORE/TEXP|
|GDPPCGR|1.00||||||||||
|Pub s... | 0 | [] |
gate | 31893511 | In the context of this study, only about one in four households purchased a test, regardless of the offer type, despite the low—and subsidized—sale price and widespread awareness about the arsenic problem, and despite little prior awareness about the safety status of individual wells. This is consistent with a growing ... | 0 | [] |
gate | 16232817 | # **Economies included in the Global Findex survey and database**
|**Economy**|**Region**<sup>**a**</sup>|**Income group**|**Data collection**<br>**period**|**Interviews**|**Design**<br>**effect**<sup>**b**</sup>|**Margin**<br>**of error**<sup>**c**</sup>|**Mode of**<br>**interviewing**|**Languages**|**Over-**<br>**sa... | 1 | [] |
gate | 15228612 | ZIMBABWE‘S INFRASTRUCTURE: A CONTINENTAL PERSPECTIVE
- b. Potential contributions of infrastructure to annual per capita economic growth in selected countries, in percentage points
<!-- Start of picture text --> 5<br>Main Telephone Lines<br>Electricity Generating Capacity<br>4<br>Length of Road Network<br>3<br>2<br>1... | 0 | [] |
gate | 11266258 | <!-- Start of picture text --> Figure 1: Korea and Brazil – catching up with the OECD<br>Korea: Catching up with high income countries - trend in GDP per capita<br>30000<br>27500<br>25000<br>Singapore<br>22500<br>20000 High income: OECD<br>17500 High income:<br>nonOECD<br>15000<br>12500<br>Korea, R ep .<br>10000<br>750... | 1 | [] |
gate | 24921639 | <mark>PPP deflated estimates are not unidirectional and vary across regions and between countries. However, the large downward revisions from the 2011 ICP PPP deflated to the counterfactual PPP deflated GDP and consumption figures occur more frequently than the reverse, especially in the larger and more populated count... | 1 | [] |
gate | 26999916 | academically prepared than their peers for whom financial barriers are not a constraint. Additionally, an influx of students could strain school resources. Each of these channels would lead to a negative effect of the policy on learning. On the other hand, relaxing financial constraints among students who would have en... | 1 | [] |
gate | 33755609 | for key correlates of household welfare. It then aims at obtaining causal estimates using the propensity score matching technique by exploiting the timing of the 2020 survey. Finally, we use detailed information on household and individual welfare indicators pre and post the Covid19 lockdown to ascertain the changes in... | 1 | [] |
gate | 7151756 | The estimates in Table 4 indicate the difficulty of coming up with plausible estimates of the costs of RoO, whether one relies on parametric or non-parametric methods. For example, how should one interpret the number of requests for preferential status in rows 8 and 9 when tariff preferences are nil? Negligible adminis... | 1 | [] |
gate | 28077636 | various brain functions, and nervous system maintenance (FAO and WHO 2004). Small fish, commonly consumed by the poor in Bangladesh, are a particularly important source of calcium in diets that are often deficient in milk and milk products (Hansen et al. 1998), as well as zinc and iron (Thilsted et al. 2016). Pre-partu... | 0 | [] |
gate | 17784322 | great difference for the overall footprint calculations for institution in which a very large fraction (70-80%) of staff air travel takes place in premium classes.
The ICAO calculator (used for individuals to calculate their footprints) includes one refinement of standard procedure, by using a factor of 2 for the foot... | 1 | [] |
gate | 34298667 | # **4. Variables and Data Sources**
Our dataset has a panel structure (repeated observations for each country); ‘geo’ and ‘period’ are the variables that identify country and time, respectively. The former is an encoded variable: it ranges from 2 (Albania) to 208 (Zimbabwe) but STATA displays country names instead of ... | 1 | [] |
gate | 31400283 | above 90% since 2010 (Figure 4). Despite this protagonist, the share of private institutions in distance learning reduced among _licenciatura_ in specific subjects, with exception to Portuguese, in which private institutions showed a small increase. On the other hand, federal institutions increased their share in dista... | 1 | [] |
gate | 440006 | **Non-Linearities**
In the previous section we assumed that the relationship between unobserved governance and observed indicator scores was linear. This assumption places strong restrictions on the units in which governance is measured in the various indicators in our sample. For example, consider an indicator such a... | 1 | [] |
gate | 9013019 | alliances with commercial banks and private technical assistance agents. Nevertheless, there are serious questions about the value added of the instruments provided by CORFO.<sup>44</sup> CORFO’s activities are based on market demand and market imperfections. For example, CORFO’s governing principles include the notion... | 0 | [] |
gate | 6312458 | Brenton, Paul and Miriam Manchin. 2003. “Making EU Trade Agreements Work: The Role of Rules of Origin,” _The World Economy_ , 26, 755-769.
- Bouet, A., Y. Decreux, L. Fontagne, S. Jean and D. Laborde, 2004, “A consistent, advalorem equivalent measure of applied protection across the world: The MAcMapHS6 database,” CEP... | 1 | [] |
gate | 699033 | 8 Table 3: Sensitivity of Indi,; 'ual Capital Account Net Inflows to Current Account Financing Requirement in 16 Developing Countrie3.
|Country|Direct<br>investment|Portfolio<br>investment|Long-term<br>flows|Short-term<br>flows|Public<br>sector|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Argentina<br>(1975-1989)||0.14*<br>(2.2)||||
|... | 0 | [] |
gate | 34022910 | E. Figure shows percent of firms that were visited or inspected by tax officials or were required to meet with them over the last year.
F. “Introduce process innovation” data indicate the percent of firms that introduced any new or significantly improved process over the last three years, including methods of manufact... | 0 | [] |
gate | 32764917 | <!-- Start of picture text --> 30 31 a 33 a 36<br>[Tal Ts<br>t<<br>J<br>~# fae)<br>‘y<br>ee ee<br>co | 1u \1 . |<br>Albertr almafaeattt Te oen., Ae<br>al 'a naraierms<br>_ “ b, on a z en -<br>wal a ‘mene 4 ip nny<br>eA = J4 ee a omigy *| Be<br>ey i _ — . * i os<br>el<br>Fs “WASARA ie<br>a FL Victoria<br>at J<br>7_7<br>... | 0 | [] |
gate | 30920542 | <!-- Start of picture text --> Global factor<br>3.5<br>3<br>2.5<br>2<br>1.5<br>1<br>0.5<br>0<br>-0.5<br>-1<br>-1.5<br>1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015<br>3 Advanced-Country factor Emer4 ging&Developing-country inflow factor<br>2 3<br>1 2<br>0 1<br>-1 0<br>-2 -1<br>-3 -2<br>1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015... | 0 | [] |
gate | 15545293 | with like.<sup>16</sup> We always include a binary control variable for prices collected from wholesalers, as they are not directly comparable to the prices collected from retail vendors.
**Our analysis of prices in Kinshasa and Brazzaville retail markets points towards the existence of significant trade barriers.** I... | 1 | [] |
gate | 14661916 | increased with the level of education, while they decreased for females: the RoR for primary education was 0.9 percent, it was 2.7 percent for general secondary education, 3.1 percent for vocational education, 7.5 percent for university graduates, and 11.8 percent for those with post-graduate studies. Returns to educat... | 1 | [] |
gate | 13579829 | The main caveats and directions for improvement are as follows. First, the data are collected through a survey of regulators, and thus data availability and quality are based on the data collection processes of the regulators. Although SME financing data are generally not among the standard data collected by regulators... | 1 | [] |
gate | 6559532 | and thus to increase labor demand in agriculture. This in turn raises agricultural wages and reduces a major incentive to migrate to non-farm jobs. We then ask whether global trade liberalization, by decreasing inter-sectoral migration, would have an adverse impact on poverty reduction. By contrast, by reducing the inf... | 0 | [] |
End of preview.
datause-encoder-data
Training data for the data-use encoder: a page-level has_data gate plus a
document-level teratopic domain classifier, in one joint dataset.
Columns (same schema on every row):
task—gate(page-level binary) ordomain(document-level multi-label)doc_id— source document idtext— page text (gate) or title+abstract (domain)has_data— 0/1 for gate rows (0 placeholder on domain rows)labels—teratopiclabel list for domain rows (empty on gate rows)
Splits are document-id disjoint across both tasks. The 30 teratopic labels
(in column order) are in encoder_labels.json.
- Downloads last month
- 4