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* J.W. Steed, D.R. Turner, K. Wallace Core Concepts in Supramolecular Chemistry and Nanochemistry (Wiley, 2007) 315p.
* Brechignac C., Houdy P., Lahmani M. (Eds.) Nanomaterials and Nanochemistry (Springer, 2007) 748p.
* H. Watarai, N. Teramae, T. Sawada Interfacial Nanochemistry: Molecular Science and Engineering at... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Salts are a natural component in soils and water.
The ions responsible for salination are: Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl.<br/>
Over long periods of time, as soil minerals weather and release salts, these salts are flushed or leached out of the soil by drainage water in areas with sufficient precipitation. In addition to mineral... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Titanium undergoes allotropic transformation from its α-phase (hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure at temperatures less than 882.5 °C) to its β-phase (body centered cubic, bcc) structure at temperatures above 882.3 °C). Alpha-phase titanium products typically exhibit medium to high strength with excellent creep stre... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Friable macro- or micro-scale solid particles can be ground in a ball mill, a planetary ball mill, or other size-reducing mechanism until enough of them are in the nanoscale size range. The resulting powder can be air classified to extract the nanoparticles. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Odom joined Northwestern Universitys department of chemistry in 2002 and became the department chair in 2018. In 2010, she became the founding chair of the Noble Metal Nanoparticles Gordon Research Conference Between 2016 and 2018, she was associate director of the International Institute for Nanotechnology. Odom has w... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
From 2008 to 2014, Goodwin was an EPSRC Career Acceleration Fellow and an associate professor in the department of chemistry at University of Oxford. He became a professor of materials chemistry at University of Oxford in 2014 and a university research professor in 2018. He researches inorganic and solid-state chemistr... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The processes by which nanoparticles self-assemble are widespread and important. Understanding why and how self-assembly occurs is key in reproducing and optimizing results. Typically, nanoparticles will self-assemble for one or both of two reasons: molecular interactions and external direction. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Phospholipids, a class of amphiphilic molecules, are the main components of biological membranes. The amphiphilic nature of these molecules defines the way in which they form membranes. They arrange themselves into lipid bilayers, by forming a sheet composed of two layers of lipids. Each layer forms by positioning thei... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
While bulk MoS in the 2H-phase is known to be an indirect-band gap semiconductor, monolayer MoS has a direct band gap. The layer-dependent optoelectronic properties of MoS have promoted much research in 2-dimensional MoS-based devices. 2D MoS can be produced by exfoliating bulk crystals to produce single-layer to few-l... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Chemical corporations that produce PFAS generate approximately US$4 billion in annual profits from the production of this chemical, but it is estimated that they impose much larger costs on taxpayers and the health of the planet's population (i.e. as external costs). Of these costs, remediation efforts fighting PFAS so... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Note: Some of the following are also partly fresh and/or brackish water.
*Aral Sea
*Aralsor
*Aydar Lake
*Bakhtegan Lake
*Caspian Sea
*Chilika Lake
*Chott el Djerid
*Dabusun Lake
*Dead Sea
*Devil's Lake
*Don Juan Pond
*Garabogazköl
*Goose Lake
*Great Salt Lake
*Grevelingen
*Laguna Colorada
*Laguna Verde
*Lake Abert
*Lak... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
While application of inorganic nanoparticles in bionanotechnology shows encouraging advancements from a materials science perspective, the use of such materials in vivo is limited by issues related with toxicity, biodistribution and bioaccumulation. Because metal inorganic nanoparticle systems degrade into their consti... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Tripotassium phosphate, also called tribasic potassium phosphate is a water-soluble salt with the chemical formula KPO(HO) (x = 0, 3, 7, 9). Tripotassium phosphate is basic. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
*Honorary doctorate of the Christian Albrechts University of Kiel (1983) as well as of the University of Ljubljana (1990)
*Award of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities (1963)
*Alfred Stock Award of the German Chemical Society (1974)
*Henri Moissan Medal of the Société chimique de France (1986)
*Jozef Stefa... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In materials science, a metal foam is a material or structure consisting of a solid metal (frequently aluminium) with gas-filled pores comprising a large portion of the volume. The pores can be sealed (closed-cell foam) or interconnected (open-cell foam). The defining characteristic of metal foams is a high porosity: t... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nucleation lays the foundation for the nanoparticle synthesis. Initial nuclei play a vital role on the size and shape of the nanoparticles that will ultimately form by acting as templating nuclei for the nanoparticle itself. Long-term stability is also determined by the initial nucleation procedures. Homogeneous nuclea... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
* In 1985, Harry Kroto and co-workers discovered a class of closed-cage carbon molecules known as fullerenes. Buckminsterfullerene (C), which has icosahedral symmetry, becomes JT-active upon addition or removal of one electron. The ordering of energy levels may not be the same as that predicted by Hund's rule.
* Discov... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Hydrogels have been investigated for diverse applications. By modifying the polymer concentration of a hydrogel (or conversely, the water concentration), the Young's modulus, shear modulus, and storage modulus can vary from 10 Pa to 3 MPa, a range of about five orders of magnitude. A similar effect can be seen by alter... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nickel(III) oxides catalyze the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid using bleach:
Similarly it catalyzes the double oxidation of 3-butenoic acid to fumaric acid: | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid abnormality associated with PFAS exposure. PFASs have been shown to decrease thyroid peroxidase, resulting in decreased production and activation of thyroid hormones in vivo. Other proposed mechanisms include alterations in thyroid hormone signaling, metabolism and excretion as... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The measurement of turbidity is a key test of both water clarity and water quality. There are two standard units for reporting turbidity: Formazin Nephelometric Units (FNU) from ISO 7027 and Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) from USEPA Method 180.1. ISO 7027 and FNU is mostly widely used in Europe, whereas NTU is mos... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Although bismuth selenide occurs naturally (as the mineral guanajuatite) at the Santa Catarina Mine in Guanajuato, Mexico as well as some sites in the United States and Europe, such deposits are rare and contain a significant level of sulfur atoms as an impurity. For this reason, most bismuth selenide used in research ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Nanolithography is the technique to pattern materials and build devices under nano-scale. Nanolithography is often used together with thin-film-deposition, self-assembly, and self-organization techniques for various nanofabrications purpose. Many practical applications make use of nanolithography, including semiconduct... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Defoamers are used in many industrial processes and products: wood pulp, paper, paint, industrial wastewater treatment, food processing, oil drilling, machine tool industry, oils cutting tools, hydraulics, etc. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it is approximately isotonic to blood serum, which makes it a physiologically normal solution). ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
* Antibiotic misuse
* Dishwashing soap
* Foam
* List of cleaning products
* Hand washing
* Palm oil
* Soap bubble
* Soap dish
* Soap dispenser
* Soap plant
* Soap substitute
* Soapwort
* Shampoo
* Shower gel
* Toothpaste
* Soap made from human corpses | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Professor T.S. Kê was a recipient of numerous national and international awards such as the Zener Prize in 1989, and Robert Franklin Mehl Award in 1999 (considered to be the highest international award in the field of materials science). | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Copper(II) oxide or cupric oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula CuO. A black solid, it is one of the two stable oxides of copper, the other being CuO or copper(I) oxide (cuprous oxide). As a mineral, it is known as tenorite. It is a product of copper mining and the precursor to many other copper-containin... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A standard method for the preparation of N-acylamino acids is the Schotten-Baumann reaction, in which oleoyl chloride (from oleic acid and, e.g. phosphorus trichloride) is added to an aqueous solution of N-methylglycine at pH 10 (kept constant by the addition of sodium hydroxide solution).
Fatty acid-free N-oleoylsarco... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
When employing dissolvable spacers, it is possible to remove the spacer after sintering, which reduces the risk of pore collapse.
In most cases, foams created using space-holders contain bimodal pore distributions with macro-sized pores resulting from the space-holder particles and micro-sized pores located on the por... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The stability of a nanoparticle is a term often used to describe the preservation of a specific, usually size-dependent, property of the particle. It can refer to e.g.: its size, shape, composition, crystalline structure, surface properties or dispersion within a solution. The interfacial layer of a nanoparticle can ai... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Dynamic electrophoretic mobility is a parameter that determines intensity of electroacoustic phenomena, such as Colloid Vibration Current and Electric Sonic Amplitude in colloids. It is similar to electrophoretic mobility, but at high frequency, on a scale of megahertz. Usual electrophoretic mobility is the low frequen... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In the typical PAC spectrometer, a setup of four 90° and 180° planar arrayed detectors or six octahedral arrayed detectors are placed around the radioactive source sample. The detectors used are scintillation crystals of BaF or NaI. For modern instruments today mainly LaBr:Ce or CeBr are used. Photomultipliers convert ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Initially planning on entering the family fashion and tailor business, he entered Kings College London in 1962, the first member of his family to attend university. Ozin graduated with a first-class honours degree in chemistry from Kings College London in 1965, and obtained his PhD in inorganic chemistry at Oriel Colle... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Klemm was a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina) in Halle, Germany; the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften) in Munich, Germany;
the Göttingen Academy of Sciences (Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen) in Göttin... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Quantum tunnelling falls under the domain of quantum mechanics: the study of what happens at the quantum scale, which classical mechanics cannot explain. To understand the phenomenon, particles attempting to travel across a potential barrier can be compared to a ball trying to roll over a hill. Quantum mechanics and cl... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
As with other metal foams, the properties of titanium foams depend mostly on the properties of the starting material and the relative density of the resultant foam. Thermal properties in foams – such as melting point, specific heat and expansion coefficient – remain constant for both the foams and the metals from which... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Occupational exposure to PFASs occurs in numerous industries due to the widespread use of the chemicals in products and as an element of industrial process streams. PFASs are used in more than 200 different ways in industries as diverse as electronics and equipment manufacturing, plastic and rubber production, food and... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Palierne equation connects the dynamic modulus of emulsions with the dynamic modulus of the two phases, size of the droplets and the interphase surface tension. The equation can also be used for suspensions of viscoelastic solid particles in viscoelastic fluids. The equation is named after French rheologist Jean-Franço... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In the unswollen state, hydrogels can be modelled as highly crosslinked chemical gels, in which the system can be described as one continuous polymer network. In this case:
where G is the shear modulus, k is the Boltzmann constant, T is temperature, N is the number of polymer chains per unit volume, ρ is the density, R... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Copper(I) iodide reacts with mercury vapors to form copper tetraiodomercurate:
:4CuI + Hg → CuHgI + 2Cu
This reaction can be used for the detection of mercury since the white (CuI) to brown (CuHgI) color change is dramatic.
Copper(I) iodide is used in the synthesis of Cu(I) clusters such as .
Copper(I) iodide di... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Alkali metal and alkaline earth soaps are white solids. The most commonly encountered are traditional household soaps, which are the fatty acid salts of sodium (hard soap) and potassium (soft soap). Lithium soap or greases, such as lithium stearate, are insoluble in water and find use in lubricating grease.
Calcium an... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Class A foams were developed in the mid-1980s for fighting wildfires. Class A foams lower the surface tension of the water, which assists in the wetting and saturation of Class A foams with water. It penetrates and extinguishes embers at depth. This aids fire suppression and can prevent re-ignition. Favourable experien... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The acoustical property of the speed of sound through a foam is of interest when analyzing failures of hydraulic components. The analysis involves calculating total hydraulic cycles to fatigue failure. The speed of sound in a foam is determined by the mechanical properties of the gas creating the foam: oxygen, nitrogen... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The three-dimensional shape depends upon how the fivelings are formed, including the environment such as gas pressure and temperature. In the very early work only pentagonal bipyramids were reported. In 1970 Ino tried to model the energetics, but found that these bipyramids were higher in energy than single crystals wi... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In the beliefs of the Thai people (especially the southerner), pyrite is known as Khao tok Phra Ruang, Khao khon bat Phra Ruang (ข้าวตอกพระร่วง, ข้าวก้นบาตรพระร่วง) or Phet na tang, Hin na tang (เพชรหน้าทั่ง, หินหน้าทั่ง). It is believed to be a sacred item that has the power to prevent evil, black magic or demons. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The density of states function is defined as the number of electronic states per unit volume, per unit energy, for electron energies near .
The density of states function is important for calculations of effects based on band theory.
In Fermi's Golden Rule, a calculation for the rate of optical absorption, it provides... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Ionic compounds have long had a wide variety of uses and applications. Many minerals are ionic. Humans have processed common salt (sodium chloride) for over 8000 years, using it first as a food seasoning and preservative, and now also in manufacturing, agriculture, water conditioning, for de-icing roads, and many other... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Asakura and Oosawa described the second case as consisting of two plates in a solution of rod like macromolecules. The rod like macromolecules are described as having a length, , where , the area of the plates. As the length of the rods increases, the concentration of the rods between the plates is decreased as it beco... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Sodium perxenate, NaXeO, can be used for the analytic separation of trace amounts of americium from curium. The separation involves the oxidation of Am to Am by sodium perxenate in acidic solution in the presence of La, followed by treatment with calcium fluoride, which forms insoluble fluorides with Cm and La, but ret... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Stacy received a B.A. in physics and chemistry magna cum laude at LaSalle College (1977). Stacy would then go on to receive her Ph.D. from Cornell University (1981) with Professor Michell J Sienko. She was a postdoctoral fellow at Northwestern University (1981–1983) with Professor Richard van Duyne and Professor Peter ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The Amersfoort-born Coppens received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Amsterdam in 1954 and 1960, where he was supervised by Carolina MacGillavry. In 1968, following appointments at the Weizmann Institute and Brookhaven National Laboratory, he was appointed in the chemistry department at the State Univ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Wests book Solid State Chemistry and its applications' and its condensed version "Basic Solid State Chemistry" are well-regarded texts in the field and a recent updated version of the former as a student edition was published in 2014.
West was the founder of the RSC journal Journal of Materials Chemistry in 1991 and of... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
As the alveoli increase in size, the surfactant becomes more spread out over the surface of the liquid. This increases surface tension effectively slowing the rate of expansion of the alveoli. This also helps all alveoli in the lungs expand at the same rate, as one that expands more quickly will experience a large ri... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The selection of the space-holder is one of the most crucial steps because it defines many of the properties of the resulting foam, including cell shape, cell size and macroporosity. The space-holder should be inert and represent the size and shape of the desired pores. The porosity may be adjusted anywhere between 50 ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Arnold Guloy is an American chemist who is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Houston. He is an expert in the area Zintl phases chemistry, crystal growth, materials discovery, and superconductivity. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Tailorability is one of the biggest advantages of these materials. The matrix material can be selected from almost any metal, polymer, or ceramic. Microballoons are available in a variety of sizes and materials, including glass microspheres, cenospheres, carbon, and polymers. The most widely used and studied foams are ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The β-InS polymorph, in powdered form, can irritate eyes, skin and respiratory organs. It is toxic if swallowed, but can be handled safely under conventional laboratory conditions. It should be handled with gloves, and care should be taken to keep from inhaling the compound, and to keep it from contact with the eyes. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A colloidal crystal is an ordered array of colloidal particles and fine grained materials analogous to a standard crystal whose repeating subunits are atoms or molecules. A natural example of this phenomenon can be found in the gem opal, where spheres of silica assume a close-packed locally periodic structure under mod... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In organic synthesis, PPTS is used as a weakly acidic catalyst, providing an organic soluble source of pyridinium (CHNH) ions. For example, PPTS is used to deprotect silyl ethers or tetrahydropyranyl ethers when a substrate is unstable to stronger acid catalysts. It is also a commonly used catalyst for the preparation... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Salt-concrete was used for the first time in 1984 in the potash mine in Rocanville in Canada. A salt-concrete seal was also installed in the Asse II mine in Lower Saxony in 1995. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
An adduct ion is formed from a precursor ion and contains all of the constituent atoms of that ion as well as additional atoms or molecules. Adduct ions are often formed in a mass spectrometer ion source. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
While the formation of other caliches is relatively well understood, the origin of Chilean caliche is not clearly known. One possibility is that the deposits were formed when a prehistoric inland sea evaporated. Another theory is that it was deposited due to weathering of the Andes.
One of the world's largest deposits ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A boilery or boiling house is a place of boiling, much as a bakery is a place of baking. Boilery can also mean the process and equipment for boiling. Although they are now generally confined to factories, and usually boil industrial products rather than food, historically they were more common in daily life. Boileries... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
*Thomas, A. W. (1913). A further effort to prepare a colorless biuret reagent. Biochemical Bulletin (New York), 2, 556–8.
*Thomas, A. W. (1914). A review of methods for the isolation and identification of the organic constituents of soils. Biochemical Bulletin (New York), 3, 210–21.
*Thomas, A. W. (1914). The phosphoru... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
PFASs are commonly used in Class B firefighting foams due to their hydrophobic and lipophobic properties, as well as the stability of the chemicals when exposed to high heat.
Research into occupational exposure for firefighters is emergent, though frequently limited by underpowered study designs. A 2011 cross-sectional... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Coatings and thin films made from nanoparticles are being used in various applications including displays, sensors, medical devices, energy storages and energy harvesting. Examples include
* Using graphene oxide for applications in electronics
* Using nanoparticles of metal oxides, carbon nanotubes and quantum dots in ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A foam is said to be regular when the structure is ordered. Direct molding is one technology that produces regular foams with open pores. Metal foams can also be produced by additive processes such as selective laser melting (SLM).
Plates can be used as casting cores. The shape is customized for each application. This ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Tripotassium phosphate can be used in foods as a buffering agent, emulsifying agent, and for nutrient fortification. It can serve as a sodium-free substitute for trisodium phosphate. The ingredient is most common in dry cereals but is also found in meat, sauces, and cheeses. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
YBCO crystallizes in a defect perovskite structure consisting of layers. The boundary of each layer is defined by planes of square planar CuO units sharing 4 vertices. The planes can sometimes be slightly puckered. Perpendicular to these CuO planes are CuO ribbons sharing 2 vertices. The yttrium atoms are found between... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
These electrodes were developed to offer a high-throughput yet low-cost alternative to conventional electrode structures for DEP. Rather than use photolithographic methods or other microengineering approaches, DEP-well electrodes are constructed from stacking successive conductive and insulating layers in a laminate, ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Dielectrophoresis can be used to manipulate, transport, separate and sort different types of particles. DEP is being applied in fields such as medical diagnostics, drug discovery, cell therapeutics, and particle filtration.
DEP has been also used in conjunction with semiconductor chip technology for the development of ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Mycosubtilin is a natural lipopeptide. It is produced by the strains of Bacillus spp mainly by Bacillus subtilis. It was discovered due to its antifungal activities. It belongs to the family of iturin lipopeptides | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Zeta potential is the electrical potential at the slipping plane. This plane is the interface which separates mobile fluid from fluid that remains attached to the surface.
Zeta potential is a scientific term for electrokinetic potential in colloidal dispersions. In the colloidal chemistry literature, it is usually deno... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Lecithins have emulsification and lubricant properties, and are a surfactant. They can be completely metabolized (see inositol) by humans, so are well tolerated by humans and nontoxic when ingested.
The major components of commercial soybean-derived lecithin are:
* 33–35% soybean oil
* 20–21% phosphatidylinositols
* 19... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Graphitic carbon nitride can be made by polymerization of cyanamide, dicyandiamide or melamine. The firstly formed polymeric CN structure, melon, with pendant amino groups, is a highly ordered polymer. Further reaction leads to more condensed and less defective CN species, based on tri-s-triazine (CN) units as elementa... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Schmidt was born in Berlin in 1919 and went to high school in Munich, where his father was a professor of chemistry. Being the son of a Jewish mother, Gerhard was forced to leave Germany at the age of 16, after the Nazis came to power; he spent a year in Switzerland, then moved to England, where he finished high school... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Industrially, NaH is prepared by introducing molten sodium into mineral oil with hydrogen at atmospheric pressure and mixed vigorously at ~8000 rpm. The reaction is especially rapid at 250−300 °C.
The resultant suspension of NaH in mineral oil is often directly used, such as in the production of diborane. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In 1974 he received the CNRS Silver Medal and in 1997 the CNRS Gold Medal and the Prix Paul Pascal from the French Academy of Sciences. In 1992 he was awarded the Gay-Lussac Humboldt Prize. Rouxel received the Alexander von Humboldt Research Award (1993) and gave the Debye Lecture of the Cornell University section of t... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Lamellar phase refers generally to packing of polar-headed long chain nonpolar-tail molecules in an environment of bulk polar liquid, as sheets of bilayers separated by bulk liquid. In biophysics, polar lipids (mostly, phospholipids, and rarely, glycolipids) pack as a liquid crystalline bilayer, with hydrophobic fatty ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
There are several methods for measuring particle size and particle size distribution. Some of them are based on light, other on ultrasound, or electric field, or gravity, or centrifugation. The use of sieves is a common measurement technique, however this process can be more susceptible to human error and is time consu... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
At the University of Houston, Guloy investigates the structural and physical properties of Zintl phases and intermetallic materials with a focus on transport properties and novel materials. He has been a professor of chemistry at the University of Houston since 1993 rising through the ranks to become the John and Rebec... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A nanogenizer, also known as a high-pressure homogenizer or a microfluidizer, is a device used to create small droplets or particles by applying high pressure to a liquid mixture. These devices can be used to produce nanoemulsions, as well as other types of emulsions and suspensions. They work by passing the mixture th... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Most ionic compounds are very brittle. Once they reach the limit of their strength, they cannot deform malleably, because the strict alignment of positive and negative ions must be maintained. Instead the material undergoes fracture via cleavage. As the temperature is elevated (usually close to the melting point) a duc... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Particle deposition can be followed by various experimental techniques. Direct observation of deposited particles is possible with an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, or the atomic force microscope. Optical microscopy has the advantage that the deposition of particles can be followed in real time by vi... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
For elastomeric cellular solids, as the foam is compressed, first it behaves elastically as the cell walls bend, then as the cell walls buckle there is yielding and breakdown of the material until finally the cell walls crush together and the material ruptures. This is seen in a stress-strain curve as a steep linear el... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
PAC uses radioactive probes, which have an intermediate state with decay times of 2 ns to approx. 10 μs, see example In in the picture on the right. After electron capture (EC), indium transmutates to cadmium. Immediately thereafter, the cadmium nucleus is predominantly in the excited 7/2+ nuclear spin and only to a ve... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
There is considerable interest in using InS to replace the semiconductor CdS (cadmium sulfide) in photoelectronic devices. β-InS has a tunable band gap, which makes it attractive for photovoltaic applications, and it shows promise when used in conjunction with TiO in solar panels, indicating that it could replace CdS ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Phosphorene is a two-dimensional material consisting of phosphorus. It consists of a single layer of black phosphorus, the most stable allotrope of phosphorus. Phosphorene is analogous to graphene (single layer graphite). Among two-dimensional materials, phosphorene is a competitor to graphene because it has a nonzero ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The most noticeable form of foam is foam floating on the stock surface. It is easy to monitor and relatively easy to handle and is more a cosmetic issue. Surface foam may cause problems with liquid levels and give overflow leading to pools of oils around the equipment which is a safety concern.
Additionally, this migh... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The exploding wire method or EWM is a way to generate plasma that consists in sending a strong enough pulse of electric current through a thin wire of some electrically conductive material. The resistive heating vaporizes the wire, and an electric arc through that vapor creates an explosive shockwave.
Exploding wires ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In 1993, Lee received the MacArthur Award for his work in the field of physics and chemistry. In addition, he has received an award from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation for his continued research.
In 1999, Lee joined Cornell University as a professor of solid state chemistry in the chemistry and chemical biology departm... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The core of an aquasome can be made from either ceramic or polymeric materials. Examples of such polymers include acrylates and gelatin. However, because ceramic materials are more ordered due to their naturally occurring crystalline structure, they are more often preferred as the material type for the core. Some of th... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In the late 20th and early 21st century, there has been a global movement towards the phase-out of polystyrene foam as a single use plastic (SUP). Early bans of polystyrene foam intended to eliminate ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), formerly a major component.
Expanded polystyrene, often termed Styrofoam, i... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Aerogels are able to fill large volumes with minimal material yielding special properties such as low density and low thermal conductivity. These aerogels tend to have internal structures categorized as open or closed cell structures, the same cell structure that is used to define many 3-dimensional honeycomb biofoams.... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In molecular biology, Pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a protein domain predominantly found in lung surfactant. This protein plays a special role; its primary task is to act as a defence protein against any pathogens that may invade the lung. It also plays a role in lubricating the lung and preventing it from c... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nonstoichiometry is pervasive for metal oxides, especially when the metal is not in its highest oxidation state. For example, although wüstite (ferrous oxide) has an ideal (stoichiometric) formula , the actual stoichiometry is closer to . The non-stoichiometry reflect the ease of oxidation of to effectively replacin... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Through much of his life, Berzelius suffered various medical ailments. These included recurrent migraine headaches and then later on he suffered from gout. He also had episodes of depression.
In 1818, Berzelius had a nervous breakdown, said to be due to the stress of his work. The medical advice he received was to trav... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Through the process of saponification, fats (like tallow, pig, and bone fats) or vegetable oils react with sodium hydroxide to form the sodium salts of fatty acids and glycerin. The resulting mixture is known as soft soap, which serves as a precursor for hard soap production. After adding sodium chloride (a process kno... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Prewitt was a Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 1983. He was the vice president and president of the Mineralogical Society of America in 1983 and 1984, respectively. He was awarded the Roebling Medal from the Mineralogical Society of America in 2003. He received the inaugural Medal for Excelle... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
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