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Viologens are organic compounds with the formula (CHNR). In some viologens, the pyridyl groups are further modified.
Viologens are called so, because these compounds produce violet color on reduction [violet + Latin gen, generator of].
The viologen paraquat (R = methyl), is a widely used herbicide. As early as in the... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Bengt Aurivillius is a member of the Aurivillius family, his father was the entomologist Christopher Aurivillius. His wife was crystallographer Karin Aurivillius. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Douglas A. Keszler is a distinguished professor in the Department of Chemistry at Oregon State University, adjunct professor in the Physics Department at OSU and adjunct professor in the Department of Chemistry at University of Oregon. He is also the director of the Center for Sustainable Materials Chemistry, and a mem... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The PTC rubber can be rolled into thin sheets and laminated with copper. The copper is in turn connected to a voltage to provide the electrical field inside the material necessary to trigger the tunneling effect. The sheets can be formed into any shape and size.
PTC rubber sheets can be used as thin flexible PTC heater... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In 1976, Hazen joined the Carnegie Institutions Geophysical Laboratory as a research associate. After a brief stint measuring optical properties of lunar minerals with Peter Bell and David Mao, he started to do X-ray crystallography with Larry Finger. He later recalled, "It was a match made in mineralogical heaven: Lar... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
; 60-series:
* 2NOR60, 2.NOR60 - Twin NOR (black)
* 4NOR60, 4.NOR60 - Quadruple NOR (black)
* 2.IA60, 2IA60 - Twin inverter amplifier for low power output (blue)
* LPA60 - Twin low power output
* 2.LPA60, 2LPA60 - Twin low power output (blue)
* PA60 - Medium power output (blue)
* HPA60 - High power output (black)
* 2.S... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Rustum Roy (July 3, 1924 – August 26, 2010) was a physicist, born in India, who became a professor at Pennsylvania State University and was a leader in materials research. As an advocate for interdisciplinarity, he initiated a movement of materials research societies and, outside of his multiple areas of scientific and... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
*: Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (2002)
*: Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur (2005)
*: Gold and Silver Star of the Order of the Rising Sun (2015)
*: Order of Friendship (2009) | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The term solid-state became popular at the beginning of the semiconductor era in the 1960s to distinguish this new technology. A semiconductor device works by controlling an electric current consisting of electrons or holes moving within a solid crystalline piece of semiconducting material such as silicon, while the th... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In 1957, Davies suggested a method based on calculating a value based on the chemical groups of the molecule. The advantage of this method is that it takes into account the effect of stronger and weaker hydrophilic groups. The method works as follows:
where:
- Number of hydrophilic groups in the molecule
- Value of ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nanoclusters potentially have many areas of application as they have unique optical, electrical, magnetic and reactivity properties. Nanoclusters are biocompatible, ultrasmall, and exhibit bright emission, hence promising candidates for fluorescence bio imaging or cellular labeling. Nanoclusters along with fluorophores... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The surface tension at the border between the fluid lining and the inhaled gas (gas/fluid interface) in alveoli determines the motion of the alveoli as a whole. According to Lapace's Law, high surface tension in the gas/fluid interface of alveoli prevents the alveoli from inflating, which causes lung collapse. lipid a... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
As the nanotechnology industry has grown, nanoparticles have brought UFPs more public and regulatory attention. UFP risk assessment research is still in the very early stages. There are continuing debates about whether to regulate UFPs and how to research and manage the health risks they may pose. As of March 19, 2008,... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Dating back to the nineteenth century there are reports of these particles by authors such as Jacques-Louis Bournon in 1813 for marcasite, and Gustav Rose in 1831 for gold. In mineralogy and the crystal twinning literature they are referred to as a type of cyclic twins where a number of identical single crystal units ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
This oxide of tin has been utilized as a mordant in the dyeing process since ancient Egypt. A German by the name of Kuster first introduced its use to London in 1533 and by means of it alone, the color scarlet was produced there. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Carbon nanofoam is an allotrope of carbon discovered in 1997 by Andrei V. Rode and co-workers at the Australian National University in Canberra. It consists of a cluster-assembly of carbon atoms strung together in a loose three-dimensional web. The fractal-like bond structure consists of sp graphite-like clusters conne... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The third case described by Asakura and Oosawa is two plates in a solution of polymers. Due to the size of the polymers, the concentration of polymers in the neighborhood of the plates is reduced, which result the conformational entropy of the polymers being decreased. The case can be approximated by modeling it as dif... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
One of the challenges in generating in vivo like cultures or tissue in vitro is the difficulty in co-culturing different cell types. Because of the ability of 3D cell culturing by magnetic levitation to bring cells together, co-culturing different cell types is possible. Co-culturing of different cell types can be achi... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The characteristic shape of the JT-split APES has specific consequences for the nuclear dynamics, here considered in the fully quantum sense. For sufficiently strong JT coupling, the minimum points are sufficiently far (at least by a few vibrational energy quanta) below the JT intersection. Two different energy regimes... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Iron phosphide is a chemical compound of iron and phosphorus, with a formula of FeP. Its physical appearance is grey, hexagonal needles.
Manufacturing of iron phosphide takes place at elevated temperatures, where the elements combine directly. Iron phosphide reacts with moisture and acids producing phosphine (PH), a to... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Nuclear magnetic resonance crystallography (NMR crystallography) is a method which utilizes primarily NMR spectroscopy to determine the structure of solid materials on the atomic scale. Thus, solid-state NMR spectroscopy would be used primarily, possibly supplemented by quantum chemistry calculations (e.g. density func... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Clay nanoparticles, when incorporated into polymer matrices, increase reinforcement, leading to stronger plastics, verifiable by a higher glass transition temperature and other mechanical property tests. These nanoparticles are hard, and impart their properties to the polymer (plastic). Nanoparticles have also been att... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
The electrical and thermal conductivity and magnetic property of metals enhance the electrical conductivity and antibacterial property of nanocomposite hydrogels when incorporated. The electrical conducting property is necessary for the hydrogels to start forming functional tissues and be used as imaging agents, drug d... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
After working as a lecturer at Madurai Kamaraj University for four years, he joined John B. Goodenough's lab as a Research Associate, first at Oxford University and then at the University of Texas at Austin. Manthiram joined the faculty of the University of Texas at Austin in 1991. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The gold number is the minimum weight (in milligrams) of a protective colloid required to prevent the coagulation of 10 ml of a standard hydro gold sol when 1 ml of a 10% sodium chloride solution is added to it. It was first used by Richard Adolf Zsigmondy in 1901.
An electrical double layer is normally present on the ... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of a fluid that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation. The particles may be visible to the naked eye, usually must be larger than one micrometer, and will eventually settle, although the mixture is only classified as a suspension when and whi... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Commercial lecithin, as used by food manufacturers, is a mixture of phospholipids in oil. The lecithin can be obtained by water degumming the extracted oil of seeds. It is a mixture of various phospholipids, and the composition depends on the origin of the lecithin. A major source of lecithin is soybean oil. Because of... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Although the nearly free electron approximation is able to describe many properties of electron band structures, one consequence of this theory is that it predicts the same number of electrons in each unit cell. If the number of electrons is odd, we would then expect that there is an unpaired electron in each unit cell... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The underlying cause of the Jahn–Teller effect is the presence of molecular orbitals that are both degenerate and open shell (i.e., incompletely occupied). This situation is not unique to coordination complexes and can be encountered in other areas of chemistry. In organic chemistry the phenomenon of antiaromaticity ha... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Most surfactants are organic compounds with hydrophilic "heads" and hydrophobic "tails." The "heads" of surfactants are polar and may or may not carry an electrical charge. The "tails" of most surfactants are fairly similar, consisting of a hydrocarbon chain, which can be branched, linear, or aromatic. Fluorosurfactant... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Nanogeoscience deals with structures, properties and behaviors of nanoparticles in soils, aquatic systems and atmospheres. One of the key features of nanoparticles is the size-dependence of the nanoparticle stability and reactivity. This arises from the large specific surface area and differences in surface atomic stru... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Bismuth telluride is a well-studied topological insulator. Its physical properties have been shown to change at highly reduced thicknesses, when its conducting surface states are exposed and isolated. These thin samples are obtained through either epitaxy or mechanical exfoliation.
Epitaxial growth methods such as mole... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Mercury(II) iodide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula HgI. It is typically produced synthetically but can also be found in nature as the extremely rare mineral coccinite. Unlike the related mercury(II) chloride it is hardly soluble in water (<100 ppm). | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Nanoparticles present possible dangers, both medically and environmentally. Most of these are due to the high surface to volume ratio, which can make the particles very reactive or catalytic. They are also thought to aggregate on phospholipid bilayers and pass through cell membranes in organisms, and their interactions... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Brominated vegetable oil (BVO) is a complex mixture of plant-derived triglycerides that have been modified by atoms of the element bromine bonded to the fat molecules. Brominated vegetable oil is used to help emulsify citrus-flavored soft drinks, preventing them from separating during distribution. Brominated vegetable... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Hazen is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
The Mineralogical Society of America presented Hazen with the Mineralogical Society of America Award in 1982 and the Distinguished Public Service Medal in 2009. In 2016, he received its highest award, the Roebling Medal. He also served as Dis... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Education:
* 1969: Cand scient. Organic Chemistry, University of Copenhagen
* 1973: Lic.Scient. (Chemistry), University of Copenhagen.
Academic Appointments:
* 1974–1984: Lecturer at the University of Copenhagen.
* 1984–1989: Research Professor at the University of Copenhagen
* 1989–1993: Professor of Organic Chemistry... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Counterion condensation is a phenomenon described by Manning's
theory (Manning 1969), which assumes that counterions can condense
onto polyions until the charged density between neighboring monomer charges
along the polyion chain is reduced below a certain critical value. In the model the
real polyion chain is repla... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Synthesis of gold nanoparticles has been investigated utilizing Fusarium, Neurospora, Verticillium, yeasts, and Aspergillus. Extracellular gold nanoparticle synthesis was demonstrated by Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, and cytosolic extracts from Candida albican. Intracellular gold nanoparticle synthesis has be... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
A betaine () in chemistry is any neutral chemical compound with a positively charged cationic functional group that bears no hydrogen atom, such as a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cation (generally: onium ions), and with a negatively charged functional group, such as a carboxylate group that may not be adjacent to... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
NbCl is produced by reduction of niobium(V) chloride with hydrogen, or just by heating.
Salt-free reduction of dimethoxyethane solution of NbCl with 1,4-disilyl-cyclohexadiene in the presence of 3-hexyne produces the coordination complex NbCl(dimethoxyethane)(3-hexyne):
: NbCl + CH(SiMe) + CEt + dme → NbCl(dme)(... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Rüdorff and Ulrich Hofmann's work on graphite intercalation compound and sulfuric acid became an ancestor of lithium ion battery.
Rüdorff's team discovered the ternary oxide series (including LiVO and NaVO) in 1954 with a unique structure. The compounds with the same structural type are called rudorffites for this rea... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
* 1990 Otto Hahn Medal (Max Planck Society)
* 1996 Prize of Angewandte Chemie
* 1997 Chemistry Lecturer Prize (Fonds der chemischen Industrie)
* 2014 Distinguished Professorship (RWTH Aachen University)
* 2015 Innovation Award (RWTH Aachen University)
* 2017 Egon Wiberg Lecture (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich) | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Iron sulfides occur widely in nature in the form of iron–sulfur proteins.
As organic matter decays under low-oxygen (or hypoxic) conditions such as in swamps or dead zones of lakes and oceans, sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce various sulfates present in the water, producing hydrogen sulfide. Some of the hydrogen sulfid... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Girolami has received numerous awards for his research, including the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award, a Sloan Foundation Fellowship, a Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award, and a University Scholar Award. He has been honored by UIUC with a Campus Award for Excellence in Graduate and Professional Teaching, f... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Lipids are a broad category of mid-sized molecules that are hydrophobic or amphipathic. In surfactant, two subcategories of lipids are relevant: phospholipids and sterols. Sterols are represented by cholesterol, which has an important role in the overall structure and motion of the lipids as a whole, but is vastly ou... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Sodium hydride is the chemical compound with the empirical formula NaH. This alkali metal hydride is primarily used as a strong yet combustible base in organic synthesis. NaH is a saline (salt-like) hydride, composed of Na and H ions, in contrast to molecular hydrides such as borane, silane, germane, ammonia, and metha... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
* American Physical Society Fellow (2020)
* American Chemical Society (ACS) Fellow (2016)
* Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2015)
*Electrochemical Society Member
*Materials Research Society Fellow (2011)
*American Association for the Advancement of Science Fellow (2000) | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Carbides can be generally classified by the chemical bonds type as follows:
# salt-like (ionic),
# covalent compounds,
# interstitial compounds, and
# "intermediate" transition metal carbides.
Examples include calcium carbide (CaC), silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten carbide (WC; often called, simply, carbide when referr... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Addition of a complexant like crown ether or [[2.2.2-Cryptand|[2.2.2-cryptand]] to a solution of [Na(NH)]e affords [Na (crown ether)]e or [Na(2,2,2-crypt)]e. Evaporation of these solutions yields a blue-black paramagnetic solid with the formula [Na(2,2,2-crypt)]e.
Most solid electride salts decompose above 240 K, altho... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In the last ten years, many experiments have been conducted numerically and analytically to validate the importance of nanofluids.
From the table 1 it is clear that nanofluid-based collector have a higher efficiency than a conventional collector. So, it is clear that we can improve conventional collector simply by addi... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Her initial research interests include Heusler compounds and related filled tetrahedral structure types, the design, synthesis and physical investigation of new quantum materials, and materials for energy technologies (solar cells, thermoelectrics, catalysis, spintronics). The physical investigations are executed on bu... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Saline lakes are declining worldwide on every continent except Antarctica, mainly due to human causes, such as damming, diversions, and withdrawals. One of the largest factors causing this decline is agricultural irrigation. Among the most commonly cited examples is the Aral Sea, which has shrunk 90% in volume and 74% ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Throughout human history, fungi have been utilized as a source of food and harnessed to ferment and preserve foods and beverages. In the 20th century, humans have learned to harness fungi to protect human health (antibiotics, anti-cholesterol statins, and immunosuppressive agents), while industry has utilized fungi for... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
NaH reduces certain main group compounds, but analogous reactivity is very rare in organic chemistry (see below). Notably boron trifluoride reacts to give diborane and sodium fluoride:
:6 NaH + 2 BF → BH + 6 NaF
Si–Si and S–S bonds in disilanes and disulfides are also reduced.
A series of reduction reactions, including... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Magnetic nanochains are a new class of magnetoresponsive and superparamagnetic nanostructures with highly anisotropic shapes which can be manipulated using magnetic field and magnetic field gradient. Such nanochains consist of self-assembled nanoparticle clusters which are magnetically assembled and fixated into a chai... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Dispersants are used to prevent formation of biofouling or biofilms in industrial processes. It is also possible to disperse bacterial slime and increase the efficiency of biocides. | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Quantum tunnelling is among the central non-trivial quantum effects in quantum biology. Here it is important both as electron tunnelling and proton tunnelling. Electron tunnelling is a key factor in many biochemical redox reactions (photosynthesis, cellular respiration) as well as enzymatic catalysis. Proton tunnelling... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
At a Christmas party in 2006, the biophysicist Harold Morowitz asked Hazen whether there were clay minerals during the Archean Eon. Hazen could not recall a mineralogist ever having asked whether a given mineral existed in a given era, and it occurred to him that no one had ever explored how Earths mineralogy changed o... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
John Bannister Goodenough ( ; July 25, 1922 – June 25, 2023) was an American materials scientist, a solid-state physicist, and a Nobel laureate in chemistry. From 1986 he was a professor of Mechanical, Materials Science, and Electrical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. He is credited with
identifying t... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Large surface-to-volume ratios and low coordination of surface atoms are primary reasons for the unique reactivity of nanoclusters. Thus, nanoclusters are widely used as catalysts. Gold nanocluster is an excellent example of a catalyst. While bulk gold is chemically inert, it becomes highly reactive when scaled down to... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Unlike elemental boron whose combustion is incomplete through the glassy oxide layered impeding oxygen diffusion, magnesium diboride burns completely when ignited in oxygen or in mixtures with oxidizers. Thus magnesium boride has been proposed as fuel in ram jets. In addition the use of MgB in blast-enhanced explosives... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A disadvantage of using nanocrystals for drug delivery is nanocrystal stability. Instability problems of nanocrystalline structures derive from thermodynamic processes such as particle aggregation, amorphization, and bulk crystallization. Particles at the nanoscopic scale feature a relative excess of Gibbs free energy,... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Berzelius stated in 1810 that living things work by some mysterious "vital force", a hypothesis called vitalism. Vitalism had first been proposed by prior researchers, although Berzelius contended that compounds could be distinguished by whether they required any organisms in their synthesis (organic compounds) or whet... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Omar M. Yaghi published the first paper of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in 2005, reporting a series of 2D COFs. He reported the design and successful synthesis of COFs by condensation reactions of phenyl diboronic acid (CH[B(OH)]) and hexahydroxytriphenylene (CH(OH)). Powder X-ray diffraction studies of the highl... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The concept of lattice energy was originally applied to the formation of compounds with structures like rocksalt (NaCl) and sphalerite (ZnS) where the ions occupy high-symmetry crystal lattice sites. In the case of NaCl, lattice energy is the energy change of the reaction
: Na (g) + Cl (g) → NaCl (s)
which amounts... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Many superconductors are non-stoichiometric. For example, yttrium barium copper oxide, arguably the most notable high-temperature superconductor, is a non-stoichiometric solid with the formula YBaCuO. The critical temperature of the superconductor depends on the exact value of x. The stoichiometric species has x = 0, ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
One major disadvantage of phosphorene is its limited air-stability. Composed of hygroscopic phosphorus and with extremely high surface-to-volume ratio, phosphorene reacts with water vapor and oxygen assisted by visible light to degrade within the scope of hours. Through the degradation process, phosphorene (solid) reac... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The electrical resistivity increases abruptly at the phase transition point around 104 °C, with the precise temperature depending on the stoichiometry. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In solid-state physics, the electronic band structure (or simply band structure) of a solid describes the range of energy levels that electrons may have within it, as well as the ranges of energy that they may not have (called band gaps or forbidden bands).
Band theory derives these bands and band gaps by examining the... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The fluorinated surfactants or fluorosurfactants subgroup has a fluorinated "tail" and a hydrophilic "head" and are thus considered surfactants. These are more effective at reducing the surface tension of water than comparable hydrocarbon surfactants. They include the perfluorosulfonic acids, such as perfluorooctanesul... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Alivisatos is the founding scientist of Quantum Dot Corporation, a company that makes crystalline nanoscale tags that are used in the study of cell behavior. (Quantum Dot is now part of Life Technologies.) He also founded the nanotechnology company Nanosys, and Solexant, a photovoltaic start-up that has since restarted... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
In addition to gold and silver, Fusarium oxysporum has been used to synthesize zirconia, titanium, cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide nanosize particles. Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles have also been synthesized by Trametes versicolor, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Candida glabrata. The white-rot fungus Phanerochaete... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Tin(IV) oxide can be used as a polishing powder, sometimes in mixtures also with lead oxide, for polishing glass, jewelry, marble and silver. Tin(IV) oxide for this use is sometimes called as "putty powder" or "jeweler's putty". | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Higher sulfur oxides are a group of chemical compounds with the formula SO where x lies between 0 and 1. They contain peroxo (O−O) groups, and the oxidation state of sulfur is +6 as in SO.
Monomeric SO can be isolated at low temperatures (below 78 K) following the reaction of SO and atomic oxygen or photolysis of SO–oz... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Molybdenite is an important ore of molybdenum, and is the most common source of the metal. While molybdenum is rare in the Earths crust, molybdenite is relatively common and easy to process, and accounts for much of the metals economic viability. Molybdenite is purified by froth flotation, and then oxidized to form so... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Anthony W. Czarnik (born 1957) is an American chemist and inventor. He is best known for pioneering studies in the field of fluorescent chemosensors and co-founding Illumina, Inc., a biotechnology company in San Diego. Czarnik was also the founding editor of ACS Combinatorial Science. He currently serves as an adjunct... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
A unilamellar liposome is a spherical liposome, a vesicle, bounded by a single bilayer of an amphiphilic lipid or a mixture of such lipids, containing aqueous solution inside the chamber. Unilamellar liposomes are used to study biological systems and to mimic cell membranes, and are classified into three groups based o... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In conjunction with vanadium oxide, it is used as a catalyst for the oxidation of aromatic compounds in the synthesis of carboxylic acids and acid anhydrides. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
When is small in front of the size of the regular islands, the fine structure of the classical phase space plays a key role in tunnelling. In particular the two symmetric tori are coupled "via a succession of classically forbidden transitions across nonlinear resonances" surrounding the two islands. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
While at Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, a division of Warner-Lambert Company, Czarnik directed research and reported the first use of automation for the synthesis of compound “libraries”—large, organized collections of compounds. He became founding editor of the American Chemical Society’s Journal of Combinatoria... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
* 2023: EPS CMD Europhysics Prize
* 2022: Member of the Academy od Sciences and Literature
* 2002: Blaise Pascal Medal of the European Academy of Sciences
* 2022: Liebig commemorative coin of the GDCh (Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker)
* 2022: Max Born Medal and Prize of the German Physical Society (DPG) and the... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) is a temperature-resistant thermoplastic polymer produced by radical polymerization from the monomer N-vinylcarbazole. It is a photoconductive polymer and thus the basis for photorefractive polymers and organic light-emitting diodes. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
* Bibliography:
* Goubeau, Josef. (1961) "Wilhelm Klemm." In Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie. Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie. 65, p. 105.
* King RB 2004, The metallurgists periodic table and the Zintl-Klemm concept', in DH Rouvray DH & RB King (eds), The periodic table: into the 21st century, I... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Mercury(II) iodide is used for preparation of Nessler's reagent, used for detection of presence of ammonia.
Mercury(II) iodide is a semiconductor material, used in some x-ray and gamma ray detection and imaging devices operating at room temperatures.
In veterinary medicine, mercury(II) iodide is used in blister ointmen... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The underlying principle is to merge pores of different sizes into a material with a large surface area (thanks to smaller pores), which in turn allows efficient molecular transport (which requires larger pores). The process used to produce these materials is a combination of the replication method, typically used to p... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
In 1945, Kê started research on internal friction and anelastic properties in metals at the University of Chicago where he accomplished advanced studies of grain-boundary relaxation and non-linear anelastic relaxation associated to interactions between point defects and dislocations. This work continued after he return... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Soap is a salt of a fatty acid used in a variety of cleansing and lubricating products. In a domestic setting, soaps are surfactants usually used for washing, bathing, and other types of housekeeping. In industrial settings, soaps are used as thickeners, components of some lubricants, and precursors to catalysts.
When ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
*G. W. Scott Blair (1938) An Introduction to Industrial Rheology (Churchill, London)
*G. W. Scott Blair (1949) A Survey of General and Applied Rheology (Pitman, London)
*G. W. Scott Blair (1950) Measurements of Mind and Matter (Dobson, London)
*G. W. Scott Blair (1953) Foodstuffs : their plasticity, fluidity and consis... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Solid hydrogen is the solid state of the element hydrogen, achieved by decreasing the temperature below hydrogens melting point of . It was collected for the first time by James Dewar in 1899 and published with the title "Sur la solidification de lhydrogène" (English: On the freezing of hydrogen) in the Annales de Chim... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Tungsten disilicide can react violently with substances such as strong acids, fluorine, oxidizers, and interhalogens. | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The Michigan PFAS Action Response Team (MPART) was launched in 2017 and is the first multi-agency action team of its kind in the nation. Agencies representing health, environment, and other branches of state government have joined together to investigate sources and locations of PFAS contamination in the state, take ac... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Dipankar Das Sarma was born on 15 September 1955 in Kolkata, in West Bengal. He did a five-year integrated masters course in Physics from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur in 1977 and enrolled for research at the Indian Institute of Science, (IISc) Bengaluru from where he secured his PhD in 1982 under the tute... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
An example of an organic ferromagnetic polymer is presented in an article by Yuwei Ma et al.: by cutting with ceramic scissors or stretching a piece of Teflon tape, a network of strongly coupling dangling bonds arises on surfaces where the polymer was broken (from cutting or in strain-induced cavities). In the case of ... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
C12-15 pareth-12 (INCI name) is an emulsifier and surfactant commonly used in cosmetics formulations. It is a polyethylene glycol ether formed by combining synthetic C–C fatty alcohols with 12 moles of ethylene oxide.
According to the INCI, "the term Pareth applies to ethoxylated paraffinic alcohols containing both eve... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
Brock completed her undergraduate degree in chemistry at the University of Washington. She was a graduate student at the University of California, Davis, where she investigated structure-property relationships in pnictide oxide compounds under the supervision of Susan M. Kauzlarich. During her doctorate she made use of... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
The main directions of scientific research are mechanochemistry of organic and inorganic substances, mineral and renewable raw materials, reactivity of solids, modification of new structures and materials, mechanisms of solid-phase transformations (including conditions of high pressures and temperatures, combustion and... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
When the interfacial areas are large, the amount of surfactant at the interface cannot be neglected. If, for example, air bubbles are introduced into a solution of a surfactant above CMC, these bubbles, as they rise to the surface, remove surfactants from the bulk to the top of the solution creating a foam column and t... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
* 1967: Marlow Medal by the Faraday Society of England
* 1968: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology in Chemical Science
* 2000: Centenary Medal of the Royal Society of Chemistry, London
* 2000: Hughes Medal by the Royal Society
* 2004: India Science Award
* 2005: Dan David Prize from Tel Aviv Univer... | 1 | Solid-state chemistry |
Dispersants can be used to dissipate oil slicks. They may rapidly disperse large amounts of certain oil types from the sea surface by transferring it into the water column. They will cause the oil slick to break up and form water-soluble micelles that are rapidly diluted. Then effectively spread throughout a larger vol... | 0 | Colloidal Chemistry |
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